diff --git a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/api/flow-extract.ts b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/api/flow-extract.ts
index ec83e616..731361a5 100644
--- a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/api/flow-extract.ts
+++ b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/api/flow-extract.ts
@@ -101,6 +101,11 @@ export interface FlowExtractRequest {
   onValidating?: () => void;
   /** 校验/修复流式增量（同样含思考 + 正文，前端实时显示校验过程）。 */
   onValidateDelta?: (text: string) => void;
+  /**
+   * 模型自动容错：后端某模型抽取失败，已切到下一个模型重抽。上层据此**清空已累计的抽取增量**
+   * （`onExtractDelta` 之前吐出的半截内容）并提示用户。`failedModel`/`nextModel`/`reason` 描述切换。
+   */
+  onModelSwitch?: (info: { failedModel: string; nextModel: string; reason: string }) => void;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -161,6 +166,12 @@ export async function streamFlowExtract(req: FlowExtractRequest): Promise<FlowGr
       } else if (event === "validate_delta") {
         const c = typeof frame.content === "string" ? frame.content : "";
         if (c) req.onValidateDelta?.(c);
+      } else if (event === "model_switch") {
+        req.onModelSwitch?.({
+          failedModel: typeof frame.failed_model === "string" ? frame.failed_model : "",
+          nextModel: typeof frame.next_model === "string" ? frame.next_model : "",
+          reason: typeof frame.reason === "string" ? frame.reason : "",
+        });
       } else if (event === "final") {
         graph = (frame.graph as FlowGraphData) ?? null;
       } else if (event === "error") {
diff --git a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/api/multi-agent.ts b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/api/multi-agent.ts
index a14c7ab1..b1634be3 100644
--- a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/api/multi-agent.ts
+++ b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/api/multi-agent.ts
@@ -297,6 +297,27 @@ export interface StreamMultiAgentRequest {
     name?: string,
     args?: Record<string, unknown>,
   ) => void;
+  /**
+   * 模型自动容错：后端检测到当前模型出问题（兜底错误文案 / 交付为空等），已自动切到下一个
+   * 模型并即将重跑本轮时触发。上层据此把该角色「正在流式的失败气泡」重置（清空已累计的增量
+   * 文本）并给用户一条「『X』模型异常，已切换『Y』继续」的提示。此回调可能多次触发（连续多个
+   * 模型都失败时）。触发后，本次 streamMultiAgent 仍会继续用新模型流式，最终照常 resolve。
+   */
+  onModelSwitch?: (info: ModelSwitchInfo) => void;
+}
+
+/** 模型自动容错通知（`streamMultiAgent` 的 `onModelSwitch` 回调入参）。 */
+export interface ModelSwitchInfo {
+  /** 角色：leader / seat / seat_parallel / report / summary / dashboard / ingest。 */
+  role: string;
+  /** 出问题的智能体 agent_name。 */
+  agentName: string;
+  /** 失败的模型名。 */
+  failedModel: string;
+  /** 已切换到的下一个模型名。 */
+  nextModel: string;
+  /** 失败原因（已翻译成简短中文，如「服务繁忙」）。 */
+  reason: string;
 }
 
 export interface ClarificationPayload {
@@ -330,6 +351,8 @@ export interface StreamMultiAgentResult {
   content: string;
   /** Echoed agent_name of the agent that produced this run. */
   agentName: string | null;
+  /** 实际产出本轮结果的模型（发生模型自动容错时即最终切换到的模型）；后端未下发时为 null。 */
+  modelUsed?: string | null;
   /**
    * Populated when the leader called ask_clarification — the run ended without
    * dispatching, and the model is asking the user a question instead. When
@@ -555,6 +578,7 @@ export async function streamMultiAgent(
     content: "",
     agentName: null,
     clarification: null,
+    modelUsed: null,
   };
 
   // Inferred SSE phase + a tiny helper so we only fire onPhaseChange when the
@@ -680,6 +704,28 @@ export async function streamMultiAgent(
           });
         }
 
+        // 模型自动容错帧：后端检测到当前模型出问题，已切到下一个模型并即将重跑本轮。
+        // 不是终态帧（无 content）→ 不结束流。清空已累计的（失败尝试的）tool_call 增量，
+        // 把 phase 退回 connected，并通知上层重置该角色气泡 + 给用户提示。随后新模型的
+        // 流式增量会照常通过 onTextDelta 继续累计到（已被上层清空的）气泡。
+        if (
+          parsed &&
+          typeof parsed === "object" &&
+          (parsed as Record<string, unknown>).status === "model_switch"
+        ) {
+          const obj = parsed as Record<string, unknown>;
+          toolCallAcc.clear();
+          currentPhase = "connected";
+          req.onModelSwitch?.({
+            role: typeof obj.role === "string" ? obj.role : "",
+            agentName: typeof obj.agent_name === "string" ? obj.agent_name : req.agentName,
+            failedModel: typeof obj.failed_model === "string" ? obj.failed_model : "",
+            nextModel: typeof obj.next_model === "string" ? obj.next_model : "",
+            reason: typeof obj.reason === "string" ? obj.reason : "",
+          });
+          continue;
+        }
+
         // Phase inference from LangGraph messages-tuple frames. We only flip
         // to tool_calling/tool_result on chunks that clearly indicate them;
         // everything else with non-empty AI text means we're streaming.
@@ -780,6 +826,10 @@ export async function streamMultiAgent(
           if (typeof parsed.agent_name === "string") {
             result.agentName = parsed.agent_name;
           }
+          {
+            const mu = (parsed as Record<string, unknown>).model_used;
+            if (typeof mu === "string" && mu) result.modelUsed = mu;
+          }
           // SSE error 帧（后端 stream_generator 在席位/Step3 run 失败时下发
           // `{status:"error", content, agent_name}`）：上报，便于收集用户侧报错。
           if (result.message === "error") {
diff --git a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep2Orchestration.ts b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep2Orchestration.ts
index 37fc60cb..642f317c 100644
--- a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep2Orchestration.ts
+++ b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep2Orchestration.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { useArtifacts } from "@/components/workspace/artifacts";
 import {
   initMultiAgent,
   streamMultiAgent,
+  type ModelSwitchInfo,
   type ClarificationPayload,
   type LeaderDispatch,
   type StreamPhase,
@@ -1204,6 +1205,24 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
     [],
   );
 
+  /**
+   * 模型自动容错通知（前台）：后端切到下一个模型重跑本轮时调用。弹 toast + 在时间线插一条
+   * 「系统提示」气泡，让用户看到「『X』模型异常 → 已切换『Y』继续」。
+   */
+  const notifyModelSwitch = useCallback(
+    (info: ModelSwitchInfo) => {
+      const who = info.agentName || "智能体";
+      triggerToast(`⚠️「${info.failedModel}」模型${info.reason}，已自动切换「${info.nextModel}」继续`);
+      appendDialogue({
+        sender: "系统提示",
+        avatarType: "amber",
+        content: `⚠️ 模型容错：「${who}」所用模型「${info.failedModel}」${info.reason}，已自动切换到「${info.nextModel}」继续。`,
+        confidence: "模型容错",
+      });
+    },
+    [appendDialogue, triggerToast],
+  );
+
   const phaseLabel = useCallback(
     (
       phase: StreamPhase,
@@ -1319,6 +1338,20 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
     );
   }, []);
 
+  /**
+   * 生成某气泡的 onModelSwitch 处理器：弹提示 + 把该气泡里「失败尝试已累计的半截内容」清空
+   * （随后新模型的流式增量会重新填进同一气泡），并把状态标为「模型切换中…」。
+   */
+  const makeModelSwitchHandler = useCallback(
+    (bubbleId: number, isParallel: boolean) => (info: ModelSwitchInfo) => {
+      notifyModelSwitch(info);
+      if (isParallel) parallelStreamRef.current.delete(bubbleId);
+      setDialogueContent(bubbleId, "");
+      setDialogueConfidence(bubbleId, "模型切换中…");
+    },
+    [notifyModelSwitch, setDialogueContent, setDialogueConfidence],
+  );
+
   // ─── §6 并行流式：全接收 / 惰性渲染 / 节流 ───────────────────────────────
   /**
    * 节流 flush（~80ms 一拍，约 12fps）：**仅被选中**的席位把 ref 累积的全文挂到
@@ -1650,6 +1683,7 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
               // agent 自身开关取 OR。
               seatSkillDirective: seatSkillDirectivesRef.current[a.agentId] ?? false,
               signal: subAborter.signal,
+              onModelSwitch: makeModelSwitchHandler(a.bubbleId, a.isParallel),
               onTextDelta: (text) =>
                 a.isParallel ? ingestParallelDelta(a.bubbleId, text) : appendToDialogue(a.bubbleId, text),
               onPhaseChange: (phase, toolName, args) => {
@@ -1739,6 +1773,7 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
               files: takeOnce(pendingInjectFilesRef),
               model: selectedModelRef.current || undefined,
               signal: leaderAborter.signal,
+              onModelSwitch: makeModelSwitchHandler(leaderBubbleId, false),
               onTextDelta: (text) => appendToDialogue(leaderBubbleId, text),
               onPhaseChange: (phase, toolName, args) => {
                 const label = phaseLabel(phase, "leader", toolName);
@@ -2014,6 +2049,7 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
               files: takeOnce(pendingInjectFilesRef),
               model: selectedModelRef.current || undefined,
               signal: leaderAborter.signal,
+              onModelSwitch: makeModelSwitchHandler(leaderBubbleId, false),
               onTextDelta: (text) => appendToDialogue(leaderBubbleId, text),
               onPhaseChange: (phase, toolName, args) => {
                 const label = phaseLabel(phase, "leader", toolName);
@@ -2095,6 +2131,7 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
               // agent 自身开关取 OR。
               seatSkillDirective: seatSkillDirectivesRef.current[seat.agent_id] ?? false,
               signal: subAborter.signal,
+              onModelSwitch: makeModelSwitchHandler(subBubbleId, false),
               onTextDelta: (text) => appendToDialogue(subBubbleId, text),
               onPhaseChange: (phase, toolName, args) => {
                 const label = phaseLabel(phase, "special", toolName);
@@ -2158,6 +2195,7 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
               suppressPreBroadcast: true,
               model: selectedModelRef.current || undefined,
               signal: closeoutAborter.signal,
+              onModelSwitch: makeModelSwitchHandler(closeoutBubbleId, false),
               onTextDelta: (text) => appendToDialogue(closeoutBubbleId, text),
               onPhaseChange: (phase, toolName, args) => {
                 const label = phaseLabel(phase, "leader", toolName);
@@ -2319,6 +2357,7 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
               files: takeOnce(pendingInjectFilesRef),
               model: selectedModelRef.current || undefined,
               signal: leaderAborter.signal,
+              onModelSwitch: makeModelSwitchHandler(leaderBubbleId, false),
               onTextDelta: (text) => appendToDialogue(leaderBubbleId, text),
               onPhaseChange: (phase, toolName, args) => {
                 const label = phaseLabel(phase, "leader", toolName);
@@ -2444,6 +2483,7 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
                   signal: subAborter.signal,
                   // §6：并行席位走 ref 全量累积 + 节流 flush(只渲染选中的);单节点
                   // stage 实际串行,1 路流直接 setState 不卡,沿用 appendToDialogue。
+                  onModelSwitch: makeModelSwitchHandler(bubbleId, isParallel),
                   onTextDelta: (text) =>
                     isParallel ? ingestParallelDelta(bubbleId, text) : appendToDialogue(bubbleId, text),
                   onPhaseChange: (phase, toolName, args) => {
@@ -2624,6 +2664,7 @@ export function useStep2Orchestration(
               ...seatModeToRequestFields(seatModesRef.current[agentId] ?? selectedModeRef.current),
               seatSkillDirective: seatSkillDirectivesRef.current[agentId] ?? false,
               signal: subAborter.signal,
+              onModelSwitch: makeModelSwitchHandler(bubbleId, true),
               onTextDelta: (text) => ingestParallelDelta(bubbleId, text),
               onPhaseChange: (phase, toolName, args) => {
                 const label = phaseLabel(phase, "special", toolName);
diff --git a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Dashboard.ts b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Dashboard.ts
index c39d9773..fd154cc1 100644
--- a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Dashboard.ts
+++ b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Dashboard.ts
@@ -325,6 +325,12 @@ export function useStep3Dashboard(options: UseStep3DashboardOptions): UseStep3Da
         newMessage: message,
         model: selectedModel || undefined,
         signal: aborter.signal,
+        // 模型自动容错：后端切到下一个模型重跑 → 清空失败尝试的半截累计（acc + 气泡）。
+        onModelSwitch: (info) => {
+          acc = "";
+          setDialogues((prev) => prev.map((d) => (d.id === bubbleId ? { ...d, content: "" } : d)));
+          setDialogueConfidence(bubbleId, `模型切换：${info.failedModel}→${info.nextModel}（${info.reason}）`);
+        },
         onTextDelta: (text) => {
           appendToDialogue(bubbleId, text);
           acc += text;
diff --git a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Report.ts b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Report.ts
index 41bbc4f2..5eb4d4e2 100644
--- a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Report.ts
+++ b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Report.ts
@@ -770,6 +770,16 @@ export function useStep3Report(
             newMessage: prompt,
             model: selectedModel || undefined,
             signal: aborter.signal,
+            // 模型自动容错：后端切到下一个模型重跑 → 清空失败尝试半截正文 + 步骤卡留可见提示。
+            onModelSwitch: (info) => {
+              setDialogues((prev) => prev.map((d) => (d.id === bubbleId ? { ...d, content: "" } : d)));
+              setDialogueConfidence(bubbleId, `模型切换：${info.failedModel}→${info.nextModel}`);
+              appendStepIfNew(
+                bubbleId,
+                `⚠️ 模型容错：「${info.failedModel}」${info.reason}，改用「${info.nextModel}」`,
+                `model_switch:${info.nextModel}`,
+              );
+            },
             onTextDelta: (text) => appendToDialogue(bubbleId, text),
             onPhaseChange: (p, toolName, toolArgs) => {
               const label = reportPhaseLabel(p, toolName);
diff --git a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Summary.ts b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Summary.ts
index 48a0b6c7..804dcbc4 100644
--- a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Summary.ts
+++ b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/hooks/useStep3Summary.ts
@@ -1059,6 +1059,16 @@ export function useStep3Summary(
         model: selectedModel || undefined,
         files: files && files.length > 0 ? files : undefined,
         signal: aborter.signal,
+        // 模型自动容错：后端切到下一个模型重跑 → 清空失败尝试的半截正文 + 在步骤卡留一条可见提示。
+        onModelSwitch: (info) => {
+          setDialogues((prev) => prev.map((d) => (d.id === bubbleId ? { ...d, content: "" } : d)));
+          setDialogueConfidence(bubbleId, `模型切换：${info.failedModel}→${info.nextModel}`);
+          appendStepIfNew(
+            bubbleId,
+            `⚠️ 模型容错：「${info.failedModel}」${info.reason}，改用「${info.nextModel}」`,
+            `model_switch:${info.nextModel}`,
+          );
+        },
         onTextDelta: (text) => appendToDialogue(bubbleId, text),
         onPhaseChange: (p, toolName, pArgs) => {
           const label = summaryPhaseLabel(p, toolName);
@@ -1160,6 +1170,16 @@ export function useStep3Summary(
           currentGraph: opts?.currentGraph ?? null,
           instruction: opts?.instruction,
           signal: aborter.signal,
+          // 模型自动容错：后端切到下一个模型重抽 → 清空抽取气泡里失败尝试的半截内容 + 留可见提示。
+          onModelSwitch: (info) => {
+            setDialogues((prev) => prev.map((d) => (d.id === extractBubbleId ? { ...d, content: "" } : d)));
+            setDialogueConfidence(extractBubbleId, `模型切换：${info.failedModel}→${info.nextModel}`);
+            appendStepIfNew(
+              extractBubbleId,
+              `⚠️ 模型容错：「${info.failedModel}」${info.reason}，改用「${info.nextModel}」`,
+              `model_switch:${info.nextModel}`,
+            );
+          },
           onExtractDelta: (t) => appendToDialogue(extractBubbleId, t),
           onValidating: () => {
             setFlowPhase("validating");
diff --git a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/lib/job-live.ts b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/lib/job-live.ts
index c5f107ec..6560fda0 100644
--- a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/lib/job-live.ts
+++ b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/lib/job-live.ts
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ function toStep2Dialogue(d: JobDialogue, idxByAgent: Map<string, number>): Step2
   if (d.role === "leader") {
     return { ...base, sender: "总控协调", avatarType: "blue", confidence: "派活说明" };
   }
+  // 模型自动容错的系统提示气泡（后端 progress.model_switch 以 role="system" 落库）。
+  if (d.role === "system") {
+    return { ...base, sender: d.name || "系统提示", avatarType: "amber", confidence: "模型容错" };
+  }
   const aid = d.agentId ?? "";
   return {
     ...base,
diff --git a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/lib/job-types.ts b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/lib/job-types.ts
index 922edd66..30daffa3 100644
--- a/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/lib/job-types.ts
+++ b/frontend-web/src/roundtable-planning/lib/job-types.ts
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ export interface DispatchChainNode {
 /** 一条研讨对话记录（leader 说明 / 某席位交付）。 */
 export interface JobDialogue {
   id: number;
-  role: "leader" | "seat";
+  // "system" = 模型自动容错等系统提示气泡（后端 progress.model_switch 落库）。
+  role: "leader" | "seat" | "system";
   agentId: string | null;
   name: string;
   content: string;
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/CLAUDE.md b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/CLAUDE.md
index 01c702c6..22eca306 100644
--- a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/CLAUDE.md
@@ -620,6 +620,19 @@ scheduler runs once per deployment. Per run:
 - Config values starting with `$` resolved as environment variables
 - Missing provider modules surface actionable install hints from reflection resolvers (for example `uv add langchain-google-genai`)
 
+### Roundtable Model Fault Tolerance (会商模型自动容错 / 换下一个模型)
+
+会商第二步（leader/seat）+ 第三步（summary/report/dashboard + 结构化抽取）单轮执行时，**某模型出问题就自动切到下一个模型继续**，并告知用户「『X』模型异常 → 已切换『Y』」。前台实时（`multi_agent.py`）与后台挂起（`engine.py` + `InProcessRoundtableGateway`）两条路径都覆盖。
+
+- **可检测的模型失败**：`LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware` 在同一模型重试 3 次后**不抛异常**，而是返回兜底 `AIMessage` —— 现在给它打 `additional_kwargs[LLM_ERROR_MARKER="deerflow_llm_error"]=reason`（model_dump 保留，经 checkpointer 序列化仍在）。`is_llm_error_message(msg)` 据标记（回退按已知兜底文案正文）识别，返回 reason。
+- **候选模型链**：`app/gateway/roundtable_model_fallback.py::fallback_model_chain(current)` 按 `config.yaml models[]` 顺序给出 `[当前模型, …其余]`（去重保序）。`reason_text(reason)` 翻译成简短中文。总开关 env `ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK`（默认开，`0/false/off` 关 → 单模型旧行为）；`ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK_MAX`（0=试完全部）。
+- **触发换模型的三种情形**：① 单轮 run 抛异常（start_run 失败 / idle 卡死 → `timeout`，其余 `exception`）；② 兜底错误文案（`is_llm_error_message`）；③ 交付为空（仅 seat/leader；leader 还含「既无正文又无派活」）。Step3 单例（report/summary/dashboard/ingest/结构化）的产物是落盘文件，**不**把「正文为空」当失败，只对真模型错误换模型。
+- **后台**：`InProcessRoundtableGateway._run_turn_with_fallback(...)` 包住 `_run_agent_turn`，逐候选模型试；换模型落 `model_switch` 诊断、全失败落 `model_fallback_exhausted`。`run_leader/run_seat/run_report/run_summary/run_dashboard_data` 全走它（report/summary/dashboard 的产物自愈重试保留，并记住已切到的可用模型用于后续续写轮）。各 Turn/Result 带回 `switches: list[ModelSwitch]`，引擎 `_emit_switches` → `JobProgressWriter.model_switch(...)` 往研讨时间线插一条 `role="system"` 系统提示气泡。
+- **前台**：`_special_run`/`_leader_run` stream 收尾后检测失败 → yield `{status:"model_switch", role, agent_name, failed_model, next_model, reason}` 帧并用下一个模型重新流式；终态帧带 `model_used`。结构化抽取 `flow_extract.py` 的 round1 `model.astream` 也包了同款换模型循环（emit `event:"model_switch"` 帧）。
+- **Step2 单席位隔离**：`engine._run_recommend/_run_chain/_run_dag` 的每个席位执行包 try/except —— 一个席位彻底失败（落 `seat_failed` 诊断 + 置空交付）不拖垮整批/整链/整个作业。
+- **前端**：`multi-agent.ts` 解析 `model_switch` 帧 → `onModelSwitch` 回调（清空失败尝试的半截气泡 + 累计的 tool_call delta，phase 退回 connected）；`useStep2Orchestration` 弹 toast + 时间线插「系统提示」气泡；`useStep3Summary/Report/Dashboard` + `flow-extract.ts` 重置对应气泡并在步骤卡留可见提示；后台路径经 `job-live.ts::toStep2Dialogue` 把 `role="system"` 渲染成 amber「系统提示」气泡。
+- Tests: `tests/test_roundtable_model_fallback.py`。
+
 ### vLLM Provider (`packages/harness/deerflow/models/vllm_provider.py`)
 
 - `VllmChatModel` subclasses `langchain_openai:ChatOpenAI` for vLLM 0.19.0 OpenAI-compatible endpoints
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/roundtable_inprocess_gateway.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/roundtable_inprocess_gateway.py
index b589bcee..fadc3093 100644
--- a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/roundtable_inprocess_gateway.py
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/roundtable_inprocess_gateway.py
@@ -18,12 +18,18 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
 import uuid
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import Any
 
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import empty_checkpoint
 
+from app.gateway.roundtable_model_fallback import (
+    fallback_model_chain,
+    is_llm_error_message,
+    reason_text,
+)
 from app.gateway.roundtable_run_policy import roundtable_run_policy
 from app.gateway.roundtable_seat_skills import append_seat_skill_directive
 from app.gateway.routers._roundtable_seed import (
@@ -36,6 +42,7 @@ from app.gateway.routers._roundtable_seed import (
 from deerflow.agents.roundtable_orchestrator.report_json import extract_report_json
 from deerflow.agents.roundtable_orchestrator.types import (
     LeaderTurn,
+    ModelSwitch,
     ReportResult,
     SeatRef,
     SeatTurn,
@@ -521,6 +528,31 @@ _SEAT_MODE_PARAMS: dict[str, tuple[bool | None, str | None, bool]] = {
 }
 
 
+def _exception_reason(exc: BaseException) -> str:
+    """把单轮 run 抛出的异常归类成模型容错原因码（用于换模型提示）。
+
+    idle 守护判定的卡死（``_await_run_with_idle_guard`` 抛 ``... stalled ...``）→ ``timeout``；
+    其余（start_run 失败 / DB 抖动 / 其它）→ ``exception``。
+    """
+    text = str(exc).lower()
+    if "stall" in text or "idle" in text or "timeout" in text or "timed out" in text:
+        return "timeout"
+    return "exception"
+
+
+def _seat_empty_reason(messages: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> str | None:
+    """席位/取数轮校验：最后一条有正文的 AI 消息为空 → ``empty``（触发换模型）。"""
+    return "empty" if not _latest_ai_text(messages).strip() else None
+
+
+def _leader_failed_reason(messages: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> str | None:
+    """总控轮校验：既无正文、也无任何工具调用（派活/澄清）→ ``empty``（视为模型没干活）。"""
+    ai = _latest_ai_message(messages)
+    has_text = bool(_latest_ai_text(messages).strip())
+    has_tools = bool(_normalize_tool_calls((ai or {}).get("tool_calls")))
+    return None if (has_text or has_tools) else "empty"
+
+
 # ── 网关实现 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
@@ -585,25 +617,116 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
         self._seat_intro = _build_seat_intro(self._agents)
         return thread_ids, COORDINATOR_AGENT_ID
 
+    async def _run_turn_with_fallback(
+        self,
+        *,
+        thread_id: str,
+        agent_name: str,
+        message: str,
+        requested_model: str | None,
+        excluded_tools: list[str],
+        skill_stop_names: list[str],
+        thinking_enabled: bool,
+        reasoning_effort: str,
+        subagent_enabled: bool = False,
+        stage: str,
+        cycle: int | None = None,
+        validate: Callable[[list[dict[str, Any]]], str | None] | None = None,
+    ) -> tuple[list[dict[str, Any]], list[ModelSwitch], str | None]:
+        """跑一轮 agent，并在「模型出问题」时自动切到下一个模型重试。
+
+        触发换模型的三种情形（与用户选择一致）：
+          ① ``_run_agent_turn`` 抛异常（start_run 失败 / idle 卡死超时）；
+          ② 返回了中间件兜底错误文案（``is_llm_error_message`` 命中）；
+          ③ 调用方 ``validate`` 判定无效（如席位交付为空 / 总控既无正文又无派活）。
+
+        候选模型链按 ``config.yaml models[]`` 顺序（``fallback_model_chain``），首个为
+        ``requested_model``（空则作业级 ``self._model``，再空则配置默认）。返回
+        ``(最终 messages, 发生的换模型记录, 实际所用模型)``。全部模型都失败时返回最后一次的
+        messages（让既有的「空交付 / 产物缺失」逻辑兜底，绝不抛异常拖垮整个作业）。
+        """
+        base = requested_model if (requested_model not in (None, "")) else self._model
+        chain = fallback_model_chain(base) or [base]
+        switches: list[ModelSwitch] = []
+        messages: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        prev_model: str | None = None
+        prev_reason: str | None = None
+        used_model: str | None = chain[0]
+        for idx, candidate in enumerate(chain):
+            if idx > 0:
+                label = reason_text(prev_reason)
+                switches.append(ModelSwitch(failed_model=prev_model or "", next_model=candidate or "", reason_label=label))
+                logger.warning(
+                    "roundtable %s '%s' switching model %s -> %s (%s)",
+                    stage, agent_name, prev_model, candidate, prev_reason,
+                )
+                await self._diag.record(
+                    stage=stage, level="warning", event="model_switch",
+                    message=f"「{agent_name}」模型「{prev_model}」{label}，已自动切换到「{candidate}」重试",
+                    detail={"failed_model": prev_model, "next_model": candidate, "reason": prev_reason, "attempt": idx + 1},
+                    agent_name=agent_name, cycle=cycle,
+                )
+            used_model = candidate
+            try:
+                messages = await _run_agent_turn(
+                    self._app,
+                    user_id=self._user_id,
+                    thread_id=thread_id,
+                    agent_name=agent_name,
+                    message=message,
+                    model=candidate,
+                    excluded_tools=excluded_tools,
+                    skill_stop_names=skill_stop_names,
+                    thinking_enabled=thinking_enabled,
+                    reasoning_effort=reasoning_effort,
+                    subagent_enabled=subagent_enabled,
+                    diag=self._diag,
+                    stage=stage,
+                    cycle=cycle,
+                )
+            except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 — 模型故障：归类后尝试下一个模型
+                prev_model, prev_reason, messages = candidate, _exception_reason(exc), []
+                if idx + 1 < len(chain):
+                    continue
+                await self._diag.record(
+                    stage=stage, level="error", event="model_fallback_exhausted",
+                    message=f"「{agent_name}」所有备选模型均失败（最后 {candidate}：{prev_reason}）",
+                    detail={"reason": prev_reason, "tried": chain}, agent_name=agent_name, cycle=cycle,
+                )
+                return messages, switches, used_model
+            # 跑通了：再看是否「兜底错误文案」或 validate 判定无效。
+            reason = is_llm_error_message(_latest_ai_message(messages))
+            if reason is None and validate is not None:
+                reason = validate(messages)
+            if reason is None:
+                return messages, switches, used_model
+            prev_model, prev_reason = candidate, reason
+            if idx + 1 >= len(chain):
+                await self._diag.record(
+                    stage=stage, level="error", event="model_fallback_exhausted",
+                    message=f"「{agent_name}」所有备选模型均未产出有效结果（最后 {candidate}：{reason}）",
+                    detail={"reason": reason, "tried": chain}, agent_name=agent_name, cycle=cycle,
+                )
+                return messages, switches, used_model
+        return messages, switches, used_model
+
     async def run_leader(self, *, thread_ids, coordinator_name, message, model) -> LeaderTurn:
         msg = message
         if self._first_leader and self._seat_intro:
             msg = self._seat_intro + "\n\n" + message
             self._first_leader = False
         policy = roundtable_run_policy("leader")
-        messages = await _run_agent_turn(
-            self._app,
-            user_id=self._user_id,
+        messages, switches, _used = await self._run_turn_with_fallback(
             thread_id=thread_ids[coordinator_name],
             agent_name=coordinator_name,
             message=msg,
-            model=model or self._model,
+            requested_model=model,
             excluded_tools=policy.excluded_tools,
             skill_stop_names=policy.skill_stop_names,
             thinking_enabled=policy.thinking_enabled,
             reasoning_effort=policy.reasoning_effort,
-            diag=self._diag,
             stage="step2_leader",
+            validate=_leader_failed_reason,
         )
         ai = _latest_ai_message(messages)
         # tool_calls 取最后一条 AI 消息（派活就在这条）；正文取最后一条有文字的 AI 消息。
@@ -617,7 +740,7 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
         if clar is not None:
             cargs = clar.get("args") or {}
             question = str(cargs.get("question") or "").strip() or "总控需要补充信息，请补充后继续。"
-            return LeaderTurn(final_text=final_text, clarification=question, tool_calls=turn_tool_calls)
+            return LeaderTurn(final_text=final_text, clarification=question, tool_calls=turn_tool_calls, switches=switches)
 
         # 派活解析（复用 multi_agent 纯函数）
         from app.gateway.routers.multi_agent import _extract_dispatch
@@ -630,7 +753,7 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
                     dispatched.append((name, task))
             except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
                 logger.warning("dispatch parse failed for tool_call", exc_info=True)
-        return LeaderTurn(final_text=final_text, dispatched=dispatched, tool_calls=turn_tool_calls)
+        return LeaderTurn(final_text=final_text, dispatched=dispatched, tool_calls=turn_tool_calls, switches=switches)
 
     async def run_seat(self, *, thread_ids, agent_id, task, model) -> SeatTurn:
         policy = roundtable_run_policy("seat")
@@ -654,13 +777,11 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
         override = _SEAT_MODE_PARAMS.get(self._seat_modes.get(agent_id, ""))
         if override is not None:
             seat_thinking, seat_reasoning, seat_subagent = override
-        messages = await _run_agent_turn(
-            self._app,
-            user_id=self._user_id,
+        messages, switches, _used = await self._run_turn_with_fallback(
             thread_id=thread_ids[agent_id],
             agent_name=agent_id,
             message=seat_task,
-            model=model or self._model,
+            requested_model=model,
             excluded_tools=policy.excluded_tools,
             skill_stop_names=policy.skill_stop_names,
             thinking_enabled=(
@@ -670,10 +791,14 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
                 policy.reasoning_effort if seat_reasoning is None else seat_reasoning
             ),
             subagent_enabled=seat_subagent,
-            diag=self._diag,
             stage="step2_seat",
+            validate=_seat_empty_reason,
+        )
+        return SeatTurn(
+            final_text=_latest_ai_text(messages),
+            tool_calls=_tool_calls_since_last_human(messages),
+            switches=switches,
         )
-        return SeatTurn(final_text=_latest_ai_text(messages), tool_calls=_tool_calls_since_last_human(messages))
 
     async def create_report_thread(self) -> str:
         ensure_roundtable_functional_agents()
@@ -686,21 +811,22 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
         summary = ""
         html: str | None = None
         message = prompt
+        switches: list[ModelSwitch] = []
+        current_model = model  # 跨产物自愈轮记住实际所用模型：一旦换到可用模型，后续续写轮就从它起。
         for attempt in range(1 + _ARTIFACT_RETRY_LIMIT):
-            messages = await _run_agent_turn(
-                self._app,
-                user_id=self._user_id,
+            messages, sw, used = await self._run_turn_with_fallback(
                 thread_id=report_thread_id,
                 agent_name=REPORT_AGENT_ID,
                 message=message,
-                model=model or self._model,
+                requested_model=current_model,
                 excluded_tools=policy.excluded_tools,
                 skill_stop_names=policy.skill_stop_names,
                 thinking_enabled=policy.thinking_enabled,
                 reasoning_effort=policy.reasoning_effort,
-                diag=self._diag,
                 stage="step3_report",
             )
+            switches.extend(sw)
+            current_model = used or current_model
             summary = _latest_ai_text(messages) or summary
             html = _read_report_html(self._app, report_thread_id, self._user_id)
             if _html_complete(html):
@@ -727,7 +853,7 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
             )
         # 截断的 HTML 也比纯文字强（浏览器容忍未闭合标签），仅在完全没有文件时才回退正文。
         final_html = html if (html and html.strip()) else summary
-        return ReportResult(html=final_html, summary=summary, model=model or self._model)
+        return ReportResult(html=final_html, summary=summary, model=current_model or self._model, switches=switches)
 
     async def create_summary_thread(self) -> str:
         ensure_roundtable_functional_agents()
@@ -743,21 +869,22 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
         closing = ""
         md: str | None = None
         message = prompt
+        switches: list[ModelSwitch] = []
+        current_model = model
         for attempt in range(1 + _ARTIFACT_RETRY_LIMIT):
-            messages = await _run_agent_turn(
-                self._app,
-                user_id=self._user_id,
+            messages, sw, used = await self._run_turn_with_fallback(
                 thread_id=summary_thread_id,
                 agent_name=SUMMARY_AGENT_ID,
                 message=message,
-                model=model or self._model,
+                requested_model=current_model,
                 excluded_tools=policy.excluded_tools,
                 skill_stop_names=policy.skill_stop_names,
                 thinking_enabled=policy.thinking_enabled,
                 reasoning_effort=policy.reasoning_effort,
-                diag=self._diag,
                 stage="step3_summary",
             )
+            switches.extend(sw)
+            current_model = used or current_model
             closing = _latest_ai_text(messages) or closing
             md = _read_summary_md(self._app, summary_thread_id, self._user_id)
             if md and md.strip():
@@ -783,7 +910,7 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
                 agent_name=SUMMARY_AGENT_ID,
             )
         final_md = md if (md and md.strip()) else closing
-        return SummaryResult(md=final_md, closing=closing, model=model or self._model, thread_id=summary_thread_id)
+        return SummaryResult(md=final_md, closing=closing, model=current_model or self._model, thread_id=summary_thread_id, switches=switches)
 
     async def run_dashboard_data(self, *, prompt, model) -> str | None:
         """大屏多页的结构化数据：进程内驱动**专职**「大屏多页数据智能体」
@@ -799,21 +926,20 @@ class InProcessRoundtableGateway:
         thread_id = await _create_thread(self._app)
         policy = roundtable_run_policy("dashboard")
         message = prompt
+        current_model = model
         for attempt in range(1 + _ARTIFACT_RETRY_LIMIT):
-            messages = await _run_agent_turn(
-                self._app,
-                user_id=self._user_id,
+            messages, _sw, used = await self._run_turn_with_fallback(
                 thread_id=thread_id,
                 agent_name=DASHBOARD_AGENT_ID,
                 message=message,
-                model=model or self._model,
+                requested_model=current_model,
                 excluded_tools=policy.excluded_tools,
                 skill_stop_names=policy.skill_stop_names,
                 thinking_enabled=policy.thinking_enabled,
                 reasoning_effort=policy.reasoning_effort,
-                diag=self._diag,
                 stage="step3_dashboard",
             )
+            current_model = used or current_model
             body = _extract_report_json(_latest_ai_text(messages))
             if body:
                 return body
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/roundtable_model_fallback.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/roundtable_model_fallback.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..755e93c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/roundtable_model_fallback.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""圆桌会商「模型自动容错（换下一个模型）」共享助手。
+
+会商的第二步（leader / seat）与第三步（summary / report / dashboard / structure）单轮执行时，
+若所用模型出现问题（抛异常 / idle 卡死 / 中间件兜底错误文案 / 交付为空），应自动切到
+**下一个可用模型**继续，并把「『X』模型异常 → 已切换『Y』模型」告知用户。
+
+本模块只放**与执行路径无关**的纯逻辑，供前台（``multi_agent.py``）与后台
+（``roundtable_inprocess_gateway.py``）两条路径共用：
+
+  - ``model_fallback_enabled()``：总开关（env ``ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK``，默认开）；
+  - ``fallback_model_chain(current)``：按 ``config.yaml`` ``models[]`` 顺序给出候选模型链
+    ``[当前模型, …其余]``（去重保序）；
+  - ``reason_text(reason)``：把失败原因码翻译成简短中文（用于用户提示）；
+  - 复用 harness 的 ``is_llm_error_message`` 识别中间件兜底文案。
+
+放在 app 层（依赖 ``deerflow.config`` + harness 的中间件常量，皆为 app→harness 合法方向）。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+
+from deerflow.agents.middlewares.llm_error_handling_middleware import (
+    is_llm_error_message as is_llm_error_message,  # re-export for callers
+)
+from deerflow.config import get_app_config
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# 失败原因码 → 用户可见简短中文（用于「『X』模型<原因>，已切换…」提示）。
+_REASON_TEXT: dict[str, str] = {
+    "quota": "额度不足/账单异常",
+    "auth": "鉴权失败/无访问权限",
+    "busy": "服务繁忙",
+    "transient": "网络/连接异常",
+    "upstream": "上游响应异常",
+    "circuit": "连续失败被熔断",
+    "generic": "调用失败",
+    "exception": "调用异常",
+    "timeout": "长时间无响应（卡死）",
+    "empty": "未产出有效内容",
+}
+
+
+def reason_text(reason: str | None) -> str:
+    """把失败原因码翻译成简短中文（未知码 → 「调用失败」）。"""
+    if not reason:
+        return "调用失败"
+    return _REASON_TEXT.get(reason, "调用失败")
+
+
+def model_fallback_enabled() -> bool:
+    """模型自动容错总开关（默认开；设 ``ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK=0/false/off`` 关闭）。
+
+    关闭时 ``fallback_model_chain`` 只返回单个候选（原模型），即恢复旧行为：模型失败就失败，
+    不再尝试其它模型。
+    """
+    raw = (os.getenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK", "1") or "1").strip().lower()
+    return raw not in {"0", "false", "no", "off"}
+
+
+def _max_attempts() -> int:
+    """最多尝试的模型个数（含首个）。``ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK_MAX``，0/未设 = 不限（试完全部）。"""
+    try:
+        return max(0, int(os.getenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK_MAX", "0") or "0"))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return 0
+
+
+def _config_model_names() -> list[str]:
+    try:
+        cfg = get_app_config()
+        return [m.name for m in (cfg.models or []) if getattr(m, "name", None)]
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 — 拿不到配置（内存后端/测试桩）时退化为空
+        logger.debug("fallback_model_chain: get_app_config().models unavailable", exc_info=True)
+        return []
+
+
+def fallback_model_chain(current: str | None) -> list[str]:
+    """按 ``config.yaml`` ``models[]`` 顺序构造候选模型链：``[当前模型, …其余]``，去重保序。
+
+    - ``current`` 为空/None → 从 ``models[0]`` 起（即后端默认模型），后接其余；
+    - ``current`` 在配置内 → 它排第一，其余按配置顺序补齐；
+    - ``current`` 不在配置内（自定义/未知名）→ 仍排第一，再补齐全部配置模型；
+    - 总开关关闭 → 只返回单个候选（``current`` 或默认模型），等同旧行为；
+    - 拿不到任何配置模型 → 返回 ``[current]``（current 为空则空列表，调用方自行退化为不换模型）。
+    """
+    all_names = _config_model_names()
+    cur = (current or "").strip()
+    ordered: list[str] = []
+    if cur:
+        ordered.append(cur)
+    for n in all_names:
+        if n and n not in ordered:
+            ordered.append(n)
+    if not ordered:
+        return [cur] if cur else []
+    if not model_fallback_enabled():
+        return ordered[:1]
+    cap = _max_attempts()
+    if cap > 0:
+        ordered = ordered[:cap]
+    return ordered
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/routers/flow_extract.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/routers/flow_extract.py
index c6fb9aea..cfd07c0f 100644
--- a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/routers/flow_extract.py
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/routers/flow_extract.py
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
 from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage, SystemMessage
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
-from deerflow.agents.roundtable_orchestrator.extraction_spec import build_structure_directive
-
+from app.gateway.roundtable_model_fallback import fallback_model_chain, reason_text
 from app.gateway.routers._roundtable_seed import (
     STRUCTURE_AGENT_ID,
     ensure_roundtable_functional_agents,
 )
+from deerflow.agents.roundtable_orchestrator.extraction_spec import build_structure_directive
 from deerflow.config import get_app_config
 from deerflow.config.agents_config import load_agent_config, load_agent_soul
 from deerflow.models.factory import create_chat_model
@@ -596,28 +596,60 @@ async def extract_flow_stream(request: Request, payload: FlowExtractRequest = Bo
                 return
 
             # ① 抽取 / 编辑（正文 + 思考(reasoning) 拼成 `<think>…</think>正文` 增量逐帧吐，前端实时显示）
+            # 模型自动容错：结构化抽取非常重要——某模型 astream 抛错 / 产出空时，按 config.yaml
+            # models[] 顺序切到下一个模型重抽，并发 model_switch 帧让前端把抽取面板已累计的半截内容重置。
             round1_messages = _edit_messages(payload) if is_edit else _extract_messages(payload)
-            model = create_chat_model(name=resolved_model, thinking_enabled=True)
+            chain = fallback_model_chain(resolved_model) or [resolved_model]
             extracted = ""
-            think_open = False
-            async for chunk in model.astream(round1_messages):
-                c, r = _chunk_parts(chunk)
-                out = ""
-                if r:
-                    if not think_open:
-                        out += "<think>"
-                        think_open = True
-                    out += r
-                if c:
+            used_model = chain[0]
+            prev_model: str | None = None
+            prev_reason: str | None = None
+            for idx, candidate in enumerate(chain):
+                if idx > 0:
+                    yield _frame(
+                        {
+                            "event": "model_switch",
+                            "agent_name": "结构化抽取",
+                            "failed_model": prev_model or "",
+                            "next_model": candidate or "",
+                            "reason": reason_text(prev_reason),
+                        }
+                    )
+                used_model = candidate
+                extracted = ""
+                think_open = False
+                try:
+                    model = create_chat_model(name=candidate, thinking_enabled=True)
+                    async for chunk in model.astream(round1_messages):
+                        c, r = _chunk_parts(chunk)
+                        out = ""
+                        if r:
+                            if not think_open:
+                                out += "<think>"
+                                think_open = True
+                            out += r
+                        if c:
+                            if think_open:
+                                out += "</think>"
+                                think_open = False
+                            out += c
+                            extracted += c
+                        if out:
+                            yield _frame({"event": "extract_delta", "content": out})
                     if think_open:
-                        out += "</think>"
-                        think_open = False
-                    out += c
-                    extracted += c
-                if out:
-                    yield _frame({"event": "extract_delta", "content": out})
-            if think_open:
-                yield _frame({"event": "extract_delta", "content": "</think>"})
+                        yield _frame({"event": "extract_delta", "content": "</think>"})
+                except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 — 该模型抽取失败：换下一个模型重抽
+                    prev_model, prev_reason = candidate, "exception"
+                    logger.warning("flow-extract round1 model %s failed: %s", candidate, exc)
+                    if idx + 1 < len(chain):
+                        continue
+                    raise
+                if extracted.strip():
+                    break
+                # 产出为空：换下一个模型（已是最后一个则继续走后续解析兜底）。
+                prev_model, prev_reason = candidate, "empty"
+                if idx + 1 >= len(chain):
+                    break
             yield _frame({"event": "extract_done"})
 
             # ② 校验 / 修复（同样流式 + 思考实时显示）
@@ -625,7 +657,7 @@ async def extract_flow_stream(request: Request, payload: FlowExtractRequest = Bo
             validated = ""
             graph: dict[str, Any] | None = None
             try:
-                vmodel = create_chat_model(name=resolved_model, thinking_enabled=True)
+                vmodel = create_chat_model(name=used_model, thinking_enabled=True)
                 think_open = False
                 async for chunk in vmodel.astream(_validate_messages(payload, extracted)):
                     c, r = _chunk_parts(chunk)
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/routers/multi_agent.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/routers/multi_agent.py
index 7457d9af..83046e24 100644
--- a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/routers/multi_agent.py
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/routers/multi_agent.py
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
 from langgraph.checkpoint.base import empty_checkpoint
 
 from app.gateway.roundtable_diag import record_foreground_diag
+from app.gateway.roundtable_model_fallback import fallback_model_chain, is_llm_error_message, reason_text
 from app.gateway.roundtable_run_policy import merge_skill_stop_names, roundtable_run_policy
 from deerflow.agents.roundtable_orchestrator.extraction_spec import build_summary_directive
 
@@ -1547,21 +1548,31 @@ async def _leader_run(
     if files:
         _read_tools = {"read_file", "ls", "grep", "view_image"}
         leader_excluded = [t for t in leader_excluded if t not in _read_tools]
-    body = _run_payload(
-        agent_name=agent_name,
-        model_name=model_name,
-        thread_id=thread_id,
-        # 注入了席位清单的输入(leader_input);seat_roster 为空时等同 new_message。
-        new_message=leader_input,
-        excluded_tools=leader_excluded,
-        skill_stop_names=effective_stop_names,
-        thinking_enabled=policy.thinking_enabled,
-        reasoning_effort=policy.reasoning_effort,
-        # 人工干预/恢复会重发 leader run 到同一总控 thread;抢占掉没结束的旧 run,避免 409。
-        multitask_strategy="rollback",
-        # 用户随干预上传的参考文件 → 总控可用 read_file 等工具读取后再派活。
-        files=files,
-    )
+
+    # 模型自动容错：按 config.yaml models[] 顺序的候选链。当前模型出问题（兜底错误文案 /
+    # 既无正文又无派活）时切到下一个模型重跑（见循环内检测）。``_mk_body`` 用候选模型重建 body。
+    model_chain = fallback_model_chain(model_name) or [model_name]
+    model_idx = 0
+    current_model = model_chain[0]
+
+    def _mk_body(m: str) -> Any:
+        return _run_payload(
+            agent_name=agent_name,
+            model_name=m,
+            thread_id=thread_id,
+            # 注入了席位清单的输入(leader_input);seat_roster 为空时等同 new_message。
+            new_message=leader_input,
+            excluded_tools=leader_excluded,
+            skill_stop_names=effective_stop_names,
+            thinking_enabled=policy.thinking_enabled,
+            reasoning_effort=policy.reasoning_effort,
+            # 人工干预/恢复会重发 leader run 到同一总控 thread;抢占掉没结束的旧 run,避免 409。
+            multitask_strategy="rollback",
+            # 用户随干预上传的参考文件 → 总控可用 read_file 等工具读取后再派活。
+            files=files,
+        )
+
+    body = _mk_body(current_model)
     t_payload_built = time.perf_counter()
     logger.info(
         "[leader-timing] %s payload_built=%.3fs (broadcast running in background)",
@@ -1645,6 +1656,28 @@ async def _leader_run(
         leader_text = _flatten_content(dispatch_msg.get("content", ""))
         tool_calls = dispatch_msg.get("tool_calls") or []
 
+        # 模型自动容错：本轮总控产出是「中间件兜底错误文案」或「既无正文又无派活」（模型没干活）
+        # → 若还有备选模型，切到下一个重跑（不消耗派活纠正预算）。先发 model_switch 帧让前端把
+        # 这条失败气泡重置，再用新模型重新流式。最后一个模型仍失败则照常往下走（错误文案当共识展示）。
+        fail_reason = is_llm_error_message(dispatch_msg)
+        if fail_reason is None and not (leader_text or "").strip() and not tool_calls:
+            fail_reason = "empty"
+        if fail_reason and model_idx + 1 < len(model_chain):
+            model_idx += 1
+            next_model = model_chain[model_idx]
+            logger.warning("[leader-fallback] %s 模型 %s 失败(%s)，切换到 %s", agent_name, current_model, fail_reason, next_model)
+            yield {
+                "status": "model_switch",
+                "role": "leader",
+                "agent_name": agent_name,
+                "failed_model": current_model,
+                "next_model": next_model,
+                "reason": reason_text(fail_reason),
+            }
+            current_model = next_model
+            body = _mk_body(current_model)
+            continue
+
         # 澄清分支：与 intent.py 相同字段；status 为字符串 "clarification"（非数组），
         # 前端据此暂停 runOrchestration 循环，展示 Step 2 澄清条。
         clarification_call = next(
@@ -1665,12 +1698,13 @@ async def _leader_run(
                 "allow_custom": bool(cargs.get("allow_custom", True)),
                 "allow_multiple": resolve_allow_multiple(cargs),
                 "agent_name": agent_name,
+                "model_used": current_model,
             }
             return
 
         if not tool_calls:
             # 空 status 数组 = 总控不再派活，前端视为共识（hasConsensus）。
-            yield {"status": [], "content": leader_text, "agent_name": agent_name}
+            yield {"status": [], "content": leader_text, "agent_name": agent_name, "model_used": current_model}
             return
 
         # 派活前按真实 roster 校验:合法保留、非法丢弃(只丢非法,不殃及同轮合法席位)。
@@ -1706,7 +1740,7 @@ async def _leader_run(
         # 关键路径优先:**先 yield 派活帧**,让前端立刻启动席位 special run;派活广播(告知
         # 其它席位"总控给 X 派了什么活")改成 detached 后台任务,不再 await 阻塞 —— 否则广播
         # 读写各席位巨大 thread 状态会卡几十秒,白白拖慢席位启动(见 _spawn_detached_broadcast)。
-        yield {"status": dispatched, "content": leader_text, "agent_name": agent_name}
+        yield {"status": dispatched, "content": leader_text, "agent_name": agent_name, "model_used": current_model}
         # DAG 派活轮(suppress_pre_broadcast)同样**不**把「总控给 X 派活」广播给兄弟席位 ——
         # 否则弱模型从历史里看到派活语句又会模仿派活(席位任务由前端 pickDagSeatTask 干净下发,
         # 跨席位承上靠各 special run 的"完成交付"后广播,不需要这条派活广播)。recommend/chain 照旧。
@@ -1805,95 +1839,128 @@ async def _special_run(
         directive = build_summary_directive(business_code)
         if directive:
             seat_message = f"{new_message}\n\n---\n\n{directive}"
-    body = _run_payload(
-        agent_name=agent_name,
-        model_name=model_name,
-        thread_id=thread_id,
-        new_message=seat_message,
-        excluded_tools=seat_excluded,
-        skill_stop_names=merge_skill_stop_names(policy.skill_stop_names, skill_stop_names),
-        # 席位执行模式覆盖 policy 的 thinking/reasoning（None → 回退 policy 默认）；
-        # subagent 仅 ultra 档置真。工具裁剪(excluded_tools)仍完全由 policy 决定。
-        thinking_enabled=(policy.thinking_enabled if thinking_enabled is None else thinking_enabled),
-        reasoning_effort=(policy.reasoning_effort if reasoning_effort is None else reasoning_effort),
-        subagent_enabled=subagent_enabled,
-        # ultra 席位才会派子智能体 → 才需要 custom 流回传子任务实时进度(task_running 等)。
-        stream_custom=subagent_enabled,
-        # 干预/重新派活会把同一席位 thread 再跑一次;抢占掉没结束的旧 run,避免 409。
-        multitask_strategy="rollback",
-        # 前序席位完整交付 → run context,供 read_peer_delivery 工具按需取全文(§12.9)。
-        extra_context=(
-            {"roundtable_peer_deliveries": peer_deliveries} if peer_deliveries else None
-        ),
-        # 用户随干预上传的参考文件 → 席位可用 read_file 等工具读取。
-        files=files,
-    )
+    # 模型自动容错：按 config.yaml models[] 顺序的候选链。某模型出问题（兜底错误文案；
+    # 真正的研讨席位还含「交付为空」）→ 发 model_switch 帧让前端重置该席位气泡，再用下一个
+    # 模型重跑。Step3 单例（report/summary/dashboard/ingest）的产物是落盘文件，正文可能很短，
+    # 故**不**把「正文为空」当失败（与后台 run_report/summary 的 validate=None 一致），只在真正
+    # 的模型错误时换模型。
+    model_chain = fallback_model_chain(model_name) or [model_name]
+    empty_is_failure = role in ("seat", "seat_parallel")
+
+    def _mk_body(m: str) -> Any:
+        return _run_payload(
+            agent_name=agent_name,
+            model_name=m,
+            thread_id=thread_id,
+            new_message=seat_message,
+            excluded_tools=seat_excluded,
+            skill_stop_names=merge_skill_stop_names(policy.skill_stop_names, skill_stop_names),
+            # 席位执行模式覆盖 policy 的 thinking/reasoning（None → 回退 policy 默认）；
+            # subagent 仅 ultra 档置真。工具裁剪(excluded_tools)仍完全由 policy 决定。
+            thinking_enabled=(policy.thinking_enabled if thinking_enabled is None else thinking_enabled),
+            reasoning_effort=(policy.reasoning_effort if reasoning_effort is None else reasoning_effort),
+            subagent_enabled=subagent_enabled,
+            # ultra 席位才会派子智能体 → 才需要 custom 流回传子任务实时进度(task_running 等)。
+            stream_custom=subagent_enabled,
+            # 干预/重新派活会把同一席位 thread 再跑一次;抢占掉没结束的旧 run,避免 409。
+            multitask_strategy="rollback",
+            # 前序席位完整交付 → run context,供 read_peer_delivery 工具按需取全文(§12.9)。
+            extra_context=(
+                {"roundtable_peer_deliveries": peer_deliveries} if peer_deliveries else None
+            ),
+            # 用户随干预上传的参考文件 → 席位可用 read_file 等工具读取。
+            files=files,
+        )
+
     t_payload_built = time.perf_counter()
     logger.info(
         "[special-timing] %s payload_built=%.3fs",
         agent_name,
         t_payload_built - t0,
     )
-
-    captured: list[str] = []
-    first_line_ts: float | None = None
-    line_count = 0
-    async for line, done in _stream_upstream(client, base, headers, thread_id, body):
-        if line is not None:
-            if first_line_ts is None:
-                first_line_ts = time.perf_counter()
-                logger.info(
-                    "[special-timing] %s first_upstream_line=%.3fs since_entry=%.3fs",
-                    agent_name,
-                    first_line_ts - t_payload_built,
-                    first_line_ts - t0,
-                )
-            line_count += 1
-            yield line
-        elif done is not None:
-            captured = done
-    t_stream_done = time.perf_counter()
-    logger.info(
-        "[special-timing] %s upstream_stream_complete=%.3fs lines=%d since_entry=%.3fs",
-        agent_name,
-        t_stream_done - (first_line_ts or t_payload_built),
-        line_count,
-        t_stream_done - t0,
-    )
-
-    messages = _parse_last_messages(captured)
-    if messages is None:
-        # 与 _leader_run 同理:席位 run 被抢占/断开导致流截断,不抛 502,静默收尾。
-        # WARNING 级:正常是 rollback 抢占;否则查上游 run 的服务端报错(如 DB 连接断)。
-        logger.warning(
-            "[special-timing] %s upstream truncated (no values frame) — ending quietly "
-            "(expected on rollback preemption; otherwise check the upstream run's server-side error)",
-            agent_name,
-        )
-        return
-    # Sub-agent's final deliverable is the latest AIMessage's text content.
-    last_msg: dict[str, Any] = {}
-    for msg in reversed(messages):
-        if isinstance(msg, dict) and (msg.get("type") or "").lower() in ("ai", "aimessage", "aimessagechunk"):
-            last_msg = msg
-            break
-    content = _flatten_content(last_msg.get("content", ""))
     # 优先用 display_name(中文友好,例如"情报收集")提示 leader,id 放括号备查;
     # display_name 缺失时退化为仅 agent_name —— 与旧行为一致。
     speaker_label = f"{display_name}({agent_name})" if display_name else agent_name
-    _prefix = f"子智能体{speaker_label}完成{new_message}工作,交付内容为:"
-    # 广播给**所有**席位(含总控)的都只是**截断摘要** —— 总控 thread 不再囤积各席位全文,
-    # 每轮 leader 的上下文因此保持小、响应快。总控做最终综合需要全文时,由 _leader_run 在
-    # 「综合轮」按需现读各席位 thread 注入(见 _build_full_deliverables_block),不靠历史囤积。
-    brief_msg = _truncate_broadcast_content(_prefix, content)
-    # 先 yield 交付结果让前端立即收口本席位;后广播改 detached,不再 await 阻塞 ——
-    # 否则它读写各席位大状态会让 SSE 多挂十几秒,把下一轮 leader 的启动也一起拖慢。
-    yield {
-        "status": f"子智能体{speaker_label}完成{new_message}工作",
-        "content": content,
-        "agent_name": agent_name,
-    }
-    _spawn_detached_broadcast(base, headers, brief_msg, agent_threads, [agent_name])
+
+    for idx, candidate in enumerate(model_chain):
+        body = _mk_body(candidate)
+        captured: list[str] = []
+        first_line_ts: float | None = None
+        line_count = 0
+        async for line, done in _stream_upstream(client, base, headers, thread_id, body):
+            if line is not None:
+                if first_line_ts is None:
+                    first_line_ts = time.perf_counter()
+                    logger.info(
+                        "[special-timing] %s first_upstream_line=%.3fs since_entry=%.3fs",
+                        agent_name,
+                        first_line_ts - t_payload_built,
+                        first_line_ts - t0,
+                    )
+                line_count += 1
+                yield line
+            elif done is not None:
+                captured = done
+        t_stream_done = time.perf_counter()
+        logger.info(
+            "[special-timing] %s upstream_stream_complete=%.3fs lines=%d since_entry=%.3fs",
+            agent_name,
+            t_stream_done - (first_line_ts or t_payload_built),
+            line_count,
+            t_stream_done - t0,
+        )
+
+        messages = _parse_last_messages(captured)
+        if messages is None:
+            # 与 _leader_run 同理:席位 run 被抢占/断开导致流截断,不抛 502,静默收尾。
+            # 这不是模型错误（多半 rollback 抢占），不触发换模型。
+            logger.warning(
+                "[special-timing] %s upstream truncated (no values frame) — ending quietly "
+                "(expected on rollback preemption; otherwise check the upstream run's server-side error)",
+                agent_name,
+            )
+            return
+        # Sub-agent's final deliverable is the latest AIMessage's text content.
+        last_msg: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        for msg in reversed(messages):
+            if isinstance(msg, dict) and (msg.get("type") or "").lower() in ("ai", "aimessage", "aimessagechunk"):
+                last_msg = msg
+                break
+        content = _flatten_content(last_msg.get("content", ""))
+
+        # 模型失败检测：兜底错误文案；研讨席位再加「交付为空」。还有备选模型则换。
+        fail_reason = is_llm_error_message(last_msg)
+        if fail_reason is None and empty_is_failure and not content.strip():
+            fail_reason = "empty"
+        if fail_reason and idx + 1 < len(model_chain):
+            next_model = model_chain[idx + 1]
+            logger.warning("[special-fallback] %s 模型 %s 失败(%s)，切换到 %s", agent_name, candidate, fail_reason, next_model)
+            yield {
+                "status": "model_switch",
+                "role": role,
+                "agent_name": agent_name,
+                "failed_model": candidate,
+                "next_model": next_model,
+                "reason": reason_text(fail_reason),
+            }
+            continue
+
+        # 成功（或已用尽备选）：发交付终态帧 + detached 后广播。
+        _prefix = f"子智能体{speaker_label}完成{new_message}工作,交付内容为:"
+        # 广播给**所有**席位(含总控)的都只是**截断摘要** —— 总控 thread 不再囤积各席位全文,
+        # 每轮 leader 的上下文因此保持小、响应快。总控做最终综合需要全文时,由 _leader_run 在
+        # 「综合轮」按需现读各席位 thread 注入(见 _build_full_deliverables_block),不靠历史囤积。
+        brief_msg = _truncate_broadcast_content(_prefix, content)
+        # 先 yield 交付结果让前端立即收口本席位;后广播改 detached,不再 await 阻塞 ——
+        # 否则它读写各席位大状态会让 SSE 多挂十几秒,把下一轮 leader 的启动也一起拖慢。
+        yield {
+            "status": f"子智能体{speaker_label}完成{new_message}工作",
+            "content": content,
+            "agent_name": agent_name,
+            "model_used": candidate,
+        }
+        _spawn_detached_broadcast(base, headers, brief_msg, agent_threads, [agent_name])
+        return
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/middlewares/llm_error_handling_middleware.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/middlewares/llm_error_handling_middleware.py
index 7d641553..2dcc8200 100644
--- a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/middlewares/llm_error_handling_middleware.py
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/middlewares/llm_error_handling_middleware.py
@@ -24,6 +24,63 @@ from deerflow.config.app_config import AppConfig
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# 兜底/熔断的 AIMessage 会带上 ``additional_kwargs[LLM_ERROR_MARKER] = reason``，
+# 让下游（圆桌会商的单轮执行器等）能**可靠识别**「这条 AI 回复其实是模型调用失败的
+# 兜底文案」而不是真实交付——据此触发自动换模型。``reason`` ∈ {quota, auth, busy,
+# transient, upstream, generic, circuit}。注意：model_dump() 会保留 additional_kwargs，
+# 故经 checkpointer 序列化后仍在；万一被剥离，``is_llm_error_message`` 还会回退按已知
+# 兜底文案精确匹配。
+LLM_ERROR_MARKER = "deerflow_llm_error"
+
+# 各 reason 对应的用户可见兜底文案（单一数据源：构造与识别都用它）。
+_USER_MESSAGES: dict[str, str] = {
+    "quota": "大模型因账户额度不足、账单异常或使用受限而拒绝请求，请检查模型账户后再试。",
+    "auth": "大模型因鉴权失败或无访问权限而拒绝请求,请检查模型的 API Key 与权限配置后再试。",
+    "busy": "大模型因服务繁忙或网络异常，多次重试后仍未恢复,请稍候再继续。",
+    "transient": "大模型因服务繁忙或网络异常，多次重试后仍未恢复,请稍候再继续。",
+    "upstream": "大模型当前响应异常（上游模型或网关临时故障），多次重试后仍未恢复，请稍后再试或更换模型。",
+    "generic": "大模型本次调用未能成功完成，请稍后再试或更换模型。",
+}
+_CIRCUIT_MESSAGE = "大模型因连续多次调用失败已被熔断保护，请稍候再试。"
+# 全部兜底文案集合，供 ``is_llm_error_message`` 在 additional_kwargs 被剥离时按正文回退识别。
+_ALL_ERROR_MESSAGES: frozenset[str] = frozenset({*_USER_MESSAGES.values(), _CIRCUIT_MESSAGE})
+
+
+def is_llm_error_message(message: Any) -> str | None:
+    """判断一条 AI 消息是否为「模型调用失败的兜底文案」，是则返回 reason，否则 None。
+
+    入参可为 LangChain ``BaseMessage``，或 checkpointer 序列化后的 dict（两种都支持）。
+    优先看 ``additional_kwargs[LLM_ERROR_MARKER]``（最可靠）；万一被序列化剥离，再回退
+    按正文是否精确等于已知兜底文案识别（容忍前后空白）。
+    """
+    if message is None:
+        return None
+    # additional_kwargs（dict 或对象属性两种形态）。
+    extra: Any = None
+    if isinstance(message, dict):
+        extra = message.get("additional_kwargs")
+    else:
+        extra = getattr(message, "additional_kwargs", None)
+    if isinstance(extra, dict):
+        reason = extra.get(LLM_ERROR_MARKER)
+        if reason:
+            return str(reason)
+    # 正文回退匹配。
+    if isinstance(message, dict):
+        content = message.get("content")
+    else:
+        content = getattr(message, "content", None)
+    text = ""
+    if isinstance(content, str):
+        text = content
+    elif isinstance(content, list):
+        text = "\n".join(p.get("text", "") for p in content if isinstance(p, dict) and p.get("type") == "text")
+    text = text.strip()
+    if text and text in _ALL_ERROR_MESSAGES:
+        return "generic"
+    return None
+
+
 _RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES = {408, 409, 425, 429, 500, 502, 503, 504}
 _BUSY_PATTERNS = (
     "server busy",
@@ -201,17 +258,9 @@ class LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState]):
         return f"大模型因{reason_text}调用失败，正在第 {attempt}/{self.retry_max_attempts} 次重试，{seconds} 秒后继续…"
 
     def _build_circuit_breaker_message(self) -> str:
-        return "大模型因连续多次调用失败已被熔断保护，请稍候再试。"
+        return _CIRCUIT_MESSAGE
 
     def _build_user_message(self, reason: str) -> str:
-        if reason == "quota":
-            return "大模型因账户额度不足、账单异常或使用受限而拒绝请求，请检查模型账户后再试。"
-        if reason == "auth":
-            return "大模型因鉴权失败或无访问权限而拒绝请求,请检查模型的 API Key 与权限配置后再试。"
-        if reason in {"busy", "transient"}:
-            return "大模型因服务繁忙或网络异常，多次重试后仍未恢复,请稍候再继续。"
-        if reason == "upstream":
-            return "大模型当前响应异常（上游模型或网关临时故障），多次重试后仍未恢复，请稍后再试或更换模型。"
         # NOTE: We intentionally do NOT embed the raw exception detail into the
         # user-facing message. Raw `Error code: 400 - {...}` strings — especially
         # Python repr-style dict literals — get persisted as AI messages and then
@@ -219,7 +268,11 @@ class LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState]):
         # braces can corrupt the upstream JSON payload and cause deterministic
         # JSONDecodeError loops. Keep the user message clean; full detail is
         # already in the backend log via `logger.warning(..., exc_info=exc)`.
-        return "大模型本次调用未能成功完成，请稍后再试或更换模型。"
+        return _USER_MESSAGES.get(reason, _USER_MESSAGES["generic"])
+
+    def _error_message(self, content: str, reason: str) -> AIMessage:
+        """构造带 ``LLM_ERROR_MARKER`` 标记的兜底 AIMessage（供下游识别+换模型）。"""
+        return AIMessage(content=content, additional_kwargs={LLM_ERROR_MARKER: reason})
 
     def _emit_retry_event(self, attempt: int, wait_ms: int, reason: str) -> None:
         try:
@@ -246,7 +299,7 @@ class LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState]):
         handler: Callable[[ModelRequest], ModelResponse],
     ) -> ModelCallResult:
         if self._check_circuit():
-            return AIMessage(content=self._build_circuit_breaker_message())
+            return self._error_message(self._build_circuit_breaker_message(), "circuit")
 
         attempt = 1
         while True:
@@ -283,7 +336,7 @@ class LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState]):
                 )
                 if retriable:
                     self._record_failure()
-                return AIMessage(content=self._build_user_message(reason))
+                return self._error_message(self._build_user_message(reason), reason)
 
     @override
     async def awrap_model_call(
@@ -292,7 +345,7 @@ class LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState]):
         handler: Callable[[ModelRequest], Awaitable[ModelResponse]],
     ) -> ModelCallResult:
         if self._check_circuit():
-            return AIMessage(content=self._build_circuit_breaker_message())
+            return self._error_message(self._build_circuit_breaker_message(), "circuit")
 
         attempt = 1
         while True:
@@ -329,7 +382,7 @@ class LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState]):
                 )
                 if retriable:
                     self._record_failure()
-                return AIMessage(content=self._build_user_message(reason))
+                return self._error_message(self._build_user_message(reason), reason)
 
 
 def _matches_any(detail: str, patterns: tuple[str, ...]) -> bool:
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/engine.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/engine.py
index fe36c3b0..81b3f6a4 100644
--- a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/engine.py
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/engine.py
@@ -202,6 +202,26 @@ _SEAT_NO_ASK = (
 )
 
 
+async def _emit_switches(
+    progress: JobProgressWriter,
+    switches: list,
+    *,
+    agent_name: str,
+    cycle: int = 0,
+    agent_id: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """把单轮执行器带回的模型容错记录逐条插进研讨时间线（系统提示气泡）。"""
+    for sw in switches or []:
+        await progress.model_switch(
+            agent_name=agent_name,
+            failed_model=getattr(sw, "failed_model", ""),
+            next_model=getattr(sw, "next_model", ""),
+            reason_label=getattr(sw, "reason_label", "调用失败"),
+            cycle=cycle,
+            agent_id=agent_id,
+        )
+
+
 def _deliveries_block(deliveries: dict[str, str], name_by_id: dict[str, str]) -> str:
     parts: list[str] = []
     for aid, text in deliveries.items():
@@ -292,6 +312,7 @@ async def _run_gather_phase(
             logger.warning("gather phase seat %s failed", seat.agent_id, exc_info=True)
             await progress.seat_done(seat.agent_id, 0)
             return
+        await _emit_switches(progress, seat_turn.switches, agent_name=name_by_id.get(seat.agent_id, seat.agent_id), agent_id=seat.agent_id)
         text = (seat_turn.final_text or "").strip()
         if text:
             gathered[seat.agent_id] = text
@@ -335,6 +356,7 @@ async def _run_recommend(
             message=message,
             model=model,
         )
+        await _emit_switches(progress, turn.switches, agent_name="总控", cycle=cycle)
         if turn.final_text:
             last_leader = turn.final_text
         await progress.add_leader_dialogue(
@@ -357,18 +379,32 @@ async def _run_recommend(
         batch: dict[str, str] = {}
 
         async def _run_one(agent_id: str, task: str, cyc: int = cycle) -> None:
+            name = name_by_id.get(agent_id, agent_id)
             await progress.seat_active(agent_id)
             seat_msg = _seat_message(intent_text, prior_snapshot, name_by_id, task, gathered=gathered)
-            seat = await gateway.run_seat(thread_ids=thread_ids, agent_id=agent_id, task=seat_msg, model=model)
+            try:
+                seat = await gateway.run_seat(thread_ids=thread_ids, agent_id=agent_id, task=seat_msg, model=model)
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 — 单席位彻底失败不拖垮整批；置空交付 + 记诊断
+                logger.warning("recommend seat %s failed", agent_id, exc_info=True)
+                await progress.diag(
+                    stage="step2_seat", level="error", event="seat_failed",
+                    message=f"席位「{name}」本轮执行异常（已跳过，不影响其它席位）",
+                    agent_id=agent_id, agent_name=name, cycle=cyc,
+                )
+                batch[agent_id] = ""
+                await progress.add_seat_dialogue(agent_id, name, "", cyc, thread_id=thread_ids.get(agent_id))
+                await progress.seat_done(agent_id, cyc)
+                return
+            await _emit_switches(progress, seat.switches, agent_name=name, cycle=cyc, agent_id=agent_id)
             batch[agent_id] = seat.final_text
             if not (seat.final_text or "").strip():
                 await progress.diag(
                     stage="step2_seat", level="warning", event="seat_empty_delivery",
-                    message=f"席位「{name_by_id.get(agent_id, agent_id)}」本轮交付为空（可能模型未产出或被截断）",
-                    agent_id=agent_id, agent_name=name_by_id.get(agent_id, agent_id), cycle=cyc,
+                    message=f"席位「{name}」本轮交付为空（可能模型未产出或被截断）",
+                    agent_id=agent_id, agent_name=name, cycle=cyc,
                 )
             await progress.add_seat_dialogue(
-                agent_id, name_by_id.get(agent_id, agent_id), seat.final_text, cyc,
+                agent_id, name, seat.final_text, cyc,
                 tool_calls=seat.tool_calls, thread_id=thread_ids.get(agent_id),
             )
             await progress.seat_done(agent_id, cyc)
@@ -426,6 +462,7 @@ async def _run_chain(
             message=leader_task,
             model=model,
         )
+        await _emit_switches(progress, turn.switches, agent_name="总控", cycle=i + 1)
         if turn.final_text:
             last_leader = turn.final_text
         await progress.add_leader_dialogue(
@@ -440,7 +477,22 @@ async def _run_chain(
         # chain 严格串行（seat B 看 seat A 交付），但有 gathered 时各席位已带共享资料，不必各自从零检索 → 提速。
         await progress.seat_active(seat.agent_id)
         seat_msg = _seat_message(intent_text, deliveries, name_by_id, task, gathered=gathered)
-        seat_turn = await gateway.run_seat(thread_ids=thread_ids, agent_id=seat.agent_id, task=seat_msg, model=model)
+        try:
+            seat_turn = await gateway.run_seat(thread_ids=thread_ids, agent_id=seat.agent_id, task=seat_msg, model=model)
+        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 — 单席位失败不中断整链，置空交付后继续后续席位
+            logger.warning("chain seat %s failed", seat.agent_id, exc_info=True)
+            await progress.diag(
+                stage="step2_seat", level="error", event="seat_failed",
+                message=f"席位「{seat.name}」本轮执行异常（已跳过，链条继续）",
+                agent_id=seat.agent_id, agent_name=seat.name, cycle=i + 1,
+            )
+            deliveries[seat.agent_id] = ""
+            await progress.add_seat_dialogue(seat.agent_id, seat.name, "", i + 1, thread_id=thread_ids.get(seat.agent_id))
+            await progress.seat_done(seat.agent_id, i + 1)
+            if total > 0:
+                await progress.set_consensus_pct(round((i + 1) / total * 90))
+            continue
+        await _emit_switches(progress, seat_turn.switches, agent_name=seat.name, cycle=i + 1, agent_id=seat.agent_id)
         deliveries[seat.agent_id] = seat_turn.final_text
         if not (seat_turn.final_text or "").strip():
             await progress.diag(
@@ -468,6 +520,7 @@ async def _run_chain(
             message=closeout_msg,
             model=model,
         )
+        await _emit_switches(progress, closeout.switches, agent_name="总控", cycle=total + 1)
         if closeout.final_text:
             last_leader = closeout.final_text
         await progress.add_leader_dialogue(
@@ -532,6 +585,7 @@ async def _run_dag(
             message=leader_task,
             model=model,
         )
+        await _emit_switches(progress, turn.switches, agent_name="总控", cycle=i + 1)
         if turn.final_text:
             last_leader = turn.final_text
         await progress.add_leader_dialogue(
@@ -545,22 +599,35 @@ async def _run_dag(
         for seat in stage_seats:
             await progress.seat_active(seat.agent_id)
 
-        async def _run_one(seat: SeatRef, _gathered: dict[str, str] | None = gathered) -> None:
+        async def _run_one(seat: SeatRef, _gathered: dict[str, str] | None = gathered, _cyc: int = i + 1) -> None:
             task = pick_dag_seat_task(turn.dispatched, seat.agent_id, seat.name, goal=stage.goal)
             seat_msg = _seat_message(intent_text, deliveries, name_by_id, task, gathered=_gathered)
-            seat_turn = await gateway.run_seat(thread_ids=thread_ids, agent_id=seat.agent_id, task=seat_msg, model=model)
+            try:
+                seat_turn = await gateway.run_seat(thread_ids=thread_ids, agent_id=seat.agent_id, task=seat_msg, model=model)
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 — 单席位失败不拖垮整个 stage 并行批
+                logger.warning("dag seat %s failed", seat.agent_id, exc_info=True)
+                await progress.diag(
+                    stage="step2_seat", level="error", event="seat_failed",
+                    message=f"席位「{seat.name}」本轮执行异常（已跳过，不影响同批其它席位）",
+                    agent_id=seat.agent_id, agent_name=seat.name, cycle=_cyc,
+                )
+                deliveries[seat.agent_id] = ""
+                await progress.add_seat_dialogue(seat.agent_id, seat.name, "", _cyc, thread_id=thread_ids.get(seat.agent_id))
+                await progress.seat_done(seat.agent_id, _cyc)
+                return
+            await _emit_switches(progress, seat_turn.switches, agent_name=seat.name, cycle=_cyc, agent_id=seat.agent_id)
             deliveries[seat.agent_id] = seat_turn.final_text
             if not (seat_turn.final_text or "").strip():
                 await progress.diag(
                     stage="step2_seat", level="warning", event="seat_empty_delivery",
                     message=f"席位「{seat.name}」本轮交付为空（可能模型未产出或被截断）",
-                    agent_id=seat.agent_id, agent_name=seat.name, cycle=i + 1,
+                    agent_id=seat.agent_id, agent_name=seat.name, cycle=_cyc,
                 )
             await progress.add_seat_dialogue(
-                seat.agent_id, seat.name, seat_turn.final_text, i + 1,
+                seat.agent_id, seat.name, seat_turn.final_text, _cyc,
                 tool_calls=seat_turn.tool_calls, thread_id=thread_ids.get(seat.agent_id),
             )
-            await progress.seat_done(seat.agent_id, i + 1)
+            await progress.seat_done(seat.agent_id, _cyc)
 
         await asyncio.gather(*(_run_one(seat) for seat in stage_seats))
 
@@ -578,6 +645,7 @@ async def _run_dag(
             message=closeout_msg,
             model=model,
         )
+        await _emit_switches(progress, closeout.switches, agent_name="总控", cycle=total + 1)
         if closeout.final_text:
             last_leader = closeout.final_text
         await progress.add_leader_dialogue(
@@ -627,6 +695,7 @@ async def _run_step3(
             summary: SummaryResult = await gateway.run_summary(
                 summary_thread_id=summary_thread_id, prompt=summary_prompt, model=model
             )
+            await _emit_switches(progress, getattr(summary, "switches", None), agent_name="方案总结报告")
             if (summary.md or "").strip() or (summary.closing or "").strip():
                 step3["summaryReport"] = {
                     "md": summary.md or "",
@@ -710,6 +779,7 @@ async def _run_report(
     report_thread_id = await gateway.create_report_thread()
     prompt = build_report_prompt(intent_text, agents, deliveries, consensus_text)
     report: ReportResult = await gateway.run_report(report_thread_id=report_thread_id, prompt=prompt, model=model)
+    await _emit_switches(progress, getattr(report, "switches", None), agent_name="结果绘制")
     return {
         "html": report.html,
         "generatedAt": report.generated_at or datetime.now(UTC).isoformat(),
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/progress.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/progress.py
index 023c41df..b2977fde 100644
--- a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/progress.py
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/progress.py
@@ -270,3 +270,27 @@ class JobProgressWriter:
         self._add("seat", agent_id, name, content or "", cycle, tool_calls=tool_calls, thread_id=thread_id)
         await self._persist()
         await self._flush_dialogue()
+
+    async def model_switch(
+        self,
+        *,
+        agent_name: str,
+        failed_model: str,
+        next_model: str,
+        reason_label: str,
+        cycle: int = 0,
+        agent_id: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """模型自动容错通知：当前模型出问题、已自动切到下一个模型时调用。
+
+        往研讨时间线插一条 ``role="system"`` 系统提示气泡（前端 ``toStep2Dialogue`` 据此渲染
+        为「系统提示」）。对应的 ``model_switch`` **诊断**由网关
+        （``InProcessRoundtableGateway._run_turn_with_fallback``）在换模型当下落库（含完整
+        detail），此处只负责时间线展示，避免重复落诊断。``reason_label`` 由调用方（app 层）
+        预先翻译好（harness 不依赖 app 的文案表）。"""
+        fm = (failed_model or "").strip() or "当前模型"
+        nm = (next_model or "").strip() or "下一个模型"
+        content = f"⚠️ 模型容错：「{agent_name}」所用模型「{fm}」{reason_label}，已自动切换到「{nm}」继续。"
+        self._add("system", agent_id, "系统提示", content, cycle)
+        await self._persist()
+        await self._flush_dialogue()
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/types.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/types.py
index 47ac8cf9..95c67566 100644
--- a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/types.py
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/roundtable_orchestrator/types.py
@@ -43,6 +43,20 @@ class SeatRef:
     name: str
 
 
+@dataclass
+class ModelSwitch:
+    """一次「模型自动容错」记录：当前模型出问题、已切到下一个模型继续。
+
+    由网关（单轮执行器）在换模型时产出，挂在各 Turn/Result 上带回引擎；引擎据此调
+    ``JobProgressWriter.model_switch(...)`` 往研讨时间线插系统提示并落诊断。``reason_label``
+    已由 app 层翻译成简短中文（harness 不依赖 app 文案表）。
+    """
+
+    failed_model: str
+    next_model: str
+    reason_label: str
+
+
 @dataclass
 class LeaderTurn:
     """总控一轮执行的归一化结果（由 gateway.run_leader 产出）。"""
@@ -55,6 +69,8 @@ class LeaderTurn:
     # 本轮总控调用的工具（按出现顺序，每项 {name, args, id}）——通常是 agent_orchestration
     # 派活 / ask_clarification。用于在草稿 run 里重建「工具步骤卡」，与前端手动跑一致。
     tool_calls: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
+    # 本轮发生的模型自动容错记录（按发生顺序）；引擎据此向用户提示「已切换模型」。
+    switches: list[ModelSwitch] = field(default_factory=list)
 
     @property
     def is_clarification(self) -> bool:
@@ -73,6 +89,8 @@ class SeatTurn:
     # 本轮席位调用的工具（按出现顺序，每项 {name, args, id}）——用于在草稿 run 里
     # 重建「工具步骤卡」+ write_file stub（点开产物），与前端手动跑一致。
     tool_calls: list[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
+    # 本轮发生的模型自动容错记录（按发生顺序）。
+    switches: list[ModelSwitch] = field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -83,6 +101,7 @@ class ReportResult:
     summary: str | None = None
     model: str | None = None
     generated_at: str | None = None
+    switches: list[ModelSwitch] = field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -99,6 +118,7 @@ class SummaryResult:
     model: str | None = None
     thread_id: str | None = None
     generated_at: str | None = None
+    switches: list[ModelSwitch] = field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 # ── 网关协议 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/tests/test_roundtable_model_fallback.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/tests/test_roundtable_model_fallback.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4207fbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/tests/test_roundtable_model_fallback.py
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+"""会商「模型自动容错（换下一个模型）」测试。
+
+覆盖：
+  - 中间件兜底/熔断 AIMessage 带可识别标记 + ``is_llm_error_message`` 检测（标记 + 正文回退）；
+  - ``fallback_model_chain`` 按 config.yaml models[] 顺序排候选（当前优先、去重、开关关闭=单个）；
+  - ``reason_text`` 文案；
+  - 引擎 Step2 单席位异常隔离（一个席位抛错不拖垮整链/整批，仅置空交付）；
+  - 网关带回的模型容错记录（switches）→ 引擎在时间线插「系统提示」气泡。
+
+纯单元/纯逻辑：引擎用 JobProgressWriter(store=None) 干跑 + 假网关，不需要 DB / 真模型。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import app.gateway.roundtable_model_fallback as mf
+from app.gateway.roundtable_model_fallback import (
+    fallback_model_chain,
+    is_llm_error_message,
+    reason_text,
+)
+from deerflow.agents.middlewares.llm_error_handling_middleware import (
+    LLM_ERROR_MARKER,
+    LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware,
+)
+from deerflow.agents.middlewares.llm_error_handling_middleware import (
+    is_llm_error_message as harness_is_llm_error_message,
+)
+from deerflow.agents.roundtable_orchestrator import (
+    JobProgressWriter,
+    SeatRef,
+    run_orchestration,
+)
+from deerflow.agents.roundtable_orchestrator.types import LeaderTurn, ModelSwitch, SeatTurn
+
+# ── is_llm_error_message ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_is_llm_error_message_marker_dict() -> None:
+    msg = {"type": "ai", "content": "随便什么", "additional_kwargs": {LLM_ERROR_MARKER: "busy"}}
+    assert is_llm_error_message(msg) == "busy"
+    assert harness_is_llm_error_message(msg) == "busy"
+
+
+def test_is_llm_error_message_content_fallback() -> None:
+    # additional_kwargs 被剥离时，按已知兜底文案正文回退识别。
+    msg = {"type": "ai", "content": "大模型本次调用未能成功完成，请稍后再试或更换模型。"}
+    assert is_llm_error_message(msg) == "generic"
+
+
+def test_is_llm_error_message_normal_is_none() -> None:
+    assert is_llm_error_message({"type": "ai", "content": "这是正常的席位交付内容"}) is None
+    assert is_llm_error_message(None) is None
+    assert is_llm_error_message({"type": "ai", "content": ""}) is None
+
+
+# ── 中间件给兜底 AIMessage 打标记 ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _middleware() -> LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware:
+    app_config = SimpleNamespace(circuit_breaker=SimpleNamespace(failure_threshold=5, recovery_timeout_sec=30))
+    return LLMErrorHandlingMiddleware(app_config=app_config)
+
+
+def test_middleware_marks_error_message() -> None:
+    mw = _middleware()
+
+    def _boom(_req):
+        raise RuntimeError("insufficient_quota: 余额不足")  # quota → 非重试 → 立即兜底
+
+    out = mw.wrap_model_call(None, _boom)
+    assert harness_is_llm_error_message(out) == "quota"
+    assert out.additional_kwargs.get(LLM_ERROR_MARKER) == "quota"
+
+
+# ── fallback_model_chain ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def _patch_models(monkeypatch, names: list[str]) -> None:
+    cfg = SimpleNamespace(models=[SimpleNamespace(name=n) for n in names])
+    monkeypatch.setattr(mf, "get_app_config", lambda: cfg)
+
+
+def test_chain_current_first_then_config_order(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    _patch_models(monkeypatch, ["m1", "m2", "m3"])
+    monkeypatch.delenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK", raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.delenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK_MAX", raising=False)
+    assert fallback_model_chain("m2") == ["m2", "m1", "m3"]
+
+
+def test_chain_empty_current_uses_config_order(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    _patch_models(monkeypatch, ["m1", "m2", "m3"])
+    monkeypatch.delenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK", raising=False)
+    assert fallback_model_chain("") == ["m1", "m2", "m3"]
+    assert fallback_model_chain(None) == ["m1", "m2", "m3"]
+
+
+def test_chain_unknown_current_kept_first(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    _patch_models(monkeypatch, ["m1", "m2"])
+    monkeypatch.delenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK", raising=False)
+    assert fallback_model_chain("custom") == ["custom", "m1", "m2"]
+
+
+def test_chain_disabled_single(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    _patch_models(monkeypatch, ["m1", "m2", "m3"])
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK", "0")
+    assert fallback_model_chain("m2") == ["m2"]
+
+
+def test_chain_cap(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    _patch_models(monkeypatch, ["m1", "m2", "m3", "m4"])
+    monkeypatch.delenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK", raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK_MAX", "2")
+    assert fallback_model_chain("m1") == ["m1", "m2"]
+
+
+def test_chain_no_config_returns_current(monkeypatch) -> None:
+    _patch_models(monkeypatch, [])
+    monkeypatch.delenv("ROUNDTABLE_MODEL_FALLBACK", raising=False)
+    assert fallback_model_chain("m9") == ["m9"]
+    assert fallback_model_chain("") == []
+
+
+def test_reason_text() -> None:
+    assert reason_text("busy") == "服务繁忙"
+    assert reason_text("empty") == "未产出有效内容"
+    assert reason_text("timeout") == "长时间无响应（卡死）"
+    assert reason_text(None) == "调用失败"
+    assert reason_text("不存在的码") == "调用失败"
+
+
+# ── 引擎：单席位异常隔离 + 模型容错记录 → 系统提示气泡 ──────────────────────────
+
+_AGENTS = [SeatRef("seat-a", "情报"), SeatRef("seat-b", "环境"), SeatRef("seat-c", "方案")]
+
+
+def _writer() -> JobProgressWriter:
+    return JobProgressWriter(None, job_id="job-x", agents=_AGENTS)
+
+
+def _thread_ids() -> dict[str, str]:
+    return {a.agent_id: f"tid-{a.agent_id}" for a in _AGENTS} | {"roundtable-coordinator": "tid-co"}
+
+
+class _ChainGateway:
+    """chain 模式假网关：可指定某席位抛异常 / 带回模型容错记录。"""
+
+    def __init__(self, *, fail_agent: str | None = None, switch_agent: str | None = None) -> None:
+        self.fail_agent = fail_agent
+        self.switch_agent = switch_agent
+        self.seen: list[str] = []
+
+    async def run_leader(self, *, thread_ids, coordinator_name, message, model) -> LeaderTurn:
+        return LeaderTurn(final_text="总控说明", dispatched=[])
+
+    async def run_seat(self, *, thread_ids, agent_id, task, model) -> SeatTurn:
+        self.seen.append(agent_id)
+        if agent_id == self.fail_agent:
+            raise RuntimeError("boom: 模型连接被打满")
+        switches = []
+        if agent_id == self.switch_agent:
+            switches = [ModelSwitch(failed_model="m1", next_model="m2", reason_label="服务繁忙")]
+        return SeatTurn(final_text=f"{agent_id} 的交付", switches=switches)
+
+    async def create_report_thread(self) -> str:  # pragma: no cover
+        raise AssertionError("enable_report=False 不应绘制报告")
+
+
+async def _run_chain(gw: _ChainGateway) -> tuple[object, JobProgressWriter]:
+    writer = _writer()
+    result = await run_orchestration(
+        gateway=gw,
+        progress=writer,
+        agents=_AGENTS,
+        thread_ids=_thread_ids(),
+        coordinator_name="roundtable-coordinator",
+        model="m1",
+        seed_message="种子任务",
+        mode="chain",
+        enable_report=False,
+    )
+    return result, writer
+
+
+def test_chain_seat_failure_isolated() -> None:
+    gw = _ChainGateway(fail_agent="seat-b")
+    result, writer = asyncio.run(_run_chain(gw))
+    # 单席位失败不拖垮整链：仍走完三个席位并收口为 done。
+    assert result.status == "done"
+    assert gw.seen == ["seat-a", "seat-b", "seat-c"]
+    # 失败席位的交付气泡为空，其余正常。
+    seat_dlgs = {d["agentId"]: d["content"] for d in writer.dialogues() if d["role"] == "seat"}
+    assert seat_dlgs["seat-b"] == ""
+    assert seat_dlgs["seat-a"] == "seat-a 的交付"
+    assert seat_dlgs["seat-c"] == "seat-c 的交付"
+
+
+def test_model_switch_emits_system_notice() -> None:
+    gw = _ChainGateway(switch_agent="seat-b")
+    _result, writer = asyncio.run(_run_chain(gw))
+    systems = [d for d in writer.dialogues() if d["role"] == "system"]
+    assert len(systems) == 1
+    assert "模型容错" in systems[0]["content"]
+    assert "服务繁忙" in systems[0]["content"]
+    assert "m2" in systems[0]["content"]