Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into ji

# Conflicts:
#	frontend-web/src/components/workspace/messages/message-list-item.tsx
#	offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/app.py
#	offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/runtime/scheduler/html_page.py
#	offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/runtime/scheduler/service.py

frontend-web/src/core/threads/utils.ts

@@ -80,3 +80,15 @@ export function titleOfThread(thread: AgentThread, fallback = "Untitled") {
 
   return fallback;
 }
+
+export function sanitizeThreadTitleForDisplay(title: string | null | undefined) {
+  if (!title) return "Untitled";
+
+  const cleaned = title
+    .replace(/<\/?[^>\n]+>/g, " ")
+    .replace(/<[^>\n]*$/g, " ")
+    .replace(/\s+/g, " ")
+    .trim();
+
+  return cleaned || "Untitled";
+}