diff --git a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/tools/skill_manage_tool.py b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/tools/skill_manage_tool.py
index 13d9526a..61cd417a 100644
--- a/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/tools/skill_manage_tool.py
+++ b/offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/tools/skill_manage_tool.py
@@ -134,27 +134,31 @@ def _default_agent_store() -> Any | None:
         return None
 
 
-async def _assert_agent_may_delete(store: SkillStore, name: str, user_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Pre-flight ownership check before agent-delete touches the on-disk file.
+async def _assert_agent_may_modify(store: SkillStore, name: str, user_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Pre-flight ownership check before an agent-driven write touches a custom skill.
 
-    LocalSkillStorage doesn't know about users — it deletes anything that
-    matches by name. Without this guard, a malicious or hallucinating agent
-    could destroy another user's skill just by knowing the name. We refuse
-    unless the DB confirms ``user_id`` owns the skill outright.
+    LocalSkillStorage operates by name only — patch/edit/write_file/remove_file
+    and delete all resolve a name to a directory without knowing who owns it.
+    Without this guard a malicious or hallucinating agent could overwrite or
+    destroy another user's skill (including UI-uploaded skills) just by
+    knowing the name. We refuse unless the DB confirms ``user_id`` owns the
+    skill outright.
 
-    Returns the DB record for use in the subsequent cascade step. Raises
-    ``ValueError`` (mapped to a tool error visible to the LLM) on refusal.
+    Returns the DB record so callers that need owner info (e.g. delete
+    cascade) can reuse it. Raises ``ValueError`` (mapped to a tool error
+    visible to the LLM) on refusal.
     """
     record = await store.get_any(name)
     if record is None:
         # No DB row — could be a legacy/orphan skill. Refuse rather than
-        # delete blindly; admin can clean up via the Web UI.
+        # touch blindly; users should adopt it via /api/skills/reconcile-custom
+        # or an admin can clean it up via the Web UI.
         raise ValueError(
-            f"Refused: skill '{name}' has no ownership record. Ask a human to delete it via the Web UI."
+            f"Refused: skill '{name}' has no ownership record. Ask a human to adopt or manage it via the Web UI."
         )
     owner = record.get("owner_user_id")
     if owner is None:
-        raise ValueError(f"Refused: skill '{name}' is built-in and cannot be deleted by an agent.")
+        raise ValueError(f"Refused: skill '{name}' is built-in and cannot be modified by an agent.")
     if owner != user_id:
         raise ValueError(f"Refused: skill '{name}' is owned by another user.")
     return record
@@ -200,6 +204,10 @@ async def _skill_manage_impl(
     lock = _get_lock(name)
     thread_id = _get_thread_id(runtime)
     skill_storage = get_or_new_skill_storage()
+    # Resolved up-front so ownership checks in the write-action branches stay
+    # one-liners. Cheap when the DB is unconfigured (returns None).
+    user_id = get_effective_user_id()
+    skill_store = _default_skill_store()
 
     async with lock:
         if action == "create":
@@ -224,14 +232,15 @@ async def _skill_manage_impl(
             # surfaces it (custom skills without a DB row are filtered out by
             # ``GET /api/skills``). Resolve the user_id *here* on the main
             # async stack — contextvars don't propagate into ``to_thread``.
-            store = _default_skill_store()
-            if store is not None:
-                await _ensure_skill_db_registered(store, name, get_effective_user_id())
+            if skill_store is not None:
+                await _ensure_skill_db_registered(skill_store, name, user_id)
             await refresh_skills_system_prompt_cache_async()
             return f"Created custom skill '{name}'."
 
         if action == "edit":
             await _to_thread(skill_storage.ensure_custom_skill_is_editable, name)
+            if skill_store is not None:
+                await _assert_agent_may_modify(skill_store, name, user_id)
             if content is None:
                 raise ValueError("content is required for edit.")
             await _to_thread(skill_storage.validate_skill_markdown_content, name, content)
@@ -250,6 +259,8 @@ async def _skill_manage_impl(
 
         if action == "patch":
             await _to_thread(skill_storage.ensure_custom_skill_is_editable, name)
+            if skill_store is not None:
+                await _assert_agent_may_modify(skill_store, name, user_id)
             if find is None or replace is None:
                 raise ValueError("find and replace are required for patch.")
             skill_file = skill_storage.get_custom_skill_file(name)
@@ -277,11 +288,9 @@ async def _skill_manage_impl(
             # Ownership pre-check: LocalSkillStorage deletes purely by name,
             # so without this an agent could blow away another user's skill
             # just by knowing the name. Raise BEFORE touching the filesystem.
-            user_id = get_effective_user_id()
-            store = _default_skill_store()
             record: dict[str, Any] | None = None
-            if store is not None:
-                record = await _assert_agent_may_delete(store, name, user_id)
+            if skill_store is not None:
+                record = await _assert_agent_may_modify(skill_store, name, user_id)
 
             await _to_thread(
                 skill_storage.delete_custom_skill,
@@ -306,9 +315,9 @@ async def _skill_manage_impl(
                 await _to_thread(forget, name)
             except Exception:
                 logger.debug("Failed to forget usage entry for %r", name, exc_info=True)
-            if store is not None:
+            if skill_store is not None:
                 try:
-                    await store.delete(name, user_id)
+                    await skill_store.delete(name, user_id)
                 except Exception:
                     logger.debug("Failed to delete DB row for %r", name, exc_info=True)
             agent_store = _default_agent_store()
@@ -330,6 +339,8 @@ async def _skill_manage_impl(
 
         if action == "write_file":
             await _to_thread(skill_storage.ensure_custom_skill_is_editable, name)
+            if skill_store is not None:
+                await _assert_agent_may_modify(skill_store, name, user_id)
             if path is None or content is None:
                 raise ValueError("path and content are required for write_file.")
             target = await _to_thread(skill_storage.ensure_safe_support_path, name, path)
@@ -347,6 +358,8 @@ async def _skill_manage_impl(
 
         if action == "remove_file":
             await _to_thread(skill_storage.ensure_custom_skill_is_editable, name)
+            if skill_store is not None:
+                await _assert_agent_may_modify(skill_store, name, user_id)
             if path is None:
                 raise ValueError("path is required for remove_file.")
             target = await _to_thread(skill_storage.ensure_safe_support_path, name, path)