feat: improve skill uploads and agent runtime stability

frontend-web/src/components/workspace/agents/skill-picker-sheet.tsx

@@ -165,10 +165,26 @@ export function SkillPickerSheet({
       return;
     }
     try {
-      const validation = await validateUpload.mutateAsync(file);
+      const validation = await validateUpload.mutateAsync({
+        file,
+        targetCategory: "custom",
+      });
       if (validation.conflict) {
+        const owner = validation.owner_username ?? validation.owner_user_id;
+        if (validation.owned_by_other && owner) {
+          toast.error(
+            `技能「${validation.skill_name}」已由用户「${owner}」上传，不能覆盖。`,
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+        if (validation.owned_by_me && validation.can_overwrite) {
+          toast.warning(
+            `您已上传过同名技能「${validation.skill_name}」，可到「技能」设置页重复上传并覆盖原版本。`,
+          );
+          return;
+        }
         toast.warning(
-          `已存在同名技能「${validation.skill_name}」，请到「技能」设置页上传以选择是否覆盖。`,
+          `已存在同名技能「${validation.skill_name}」，当前不可覆盖。`,
         );
         return;
       }

frontend-web/src/components/workspace/settings/skill-settings-page.tsx

@@ -1201,7 +1201,24 @@ function InstallSkillDialog({
   const validateMutation = useValidateSkillUpload();
   const installMutation = useInstallSkillUpload();
   const setNameZhMutation = useSetSkillNameZh();
-  const generateNameZhMutation = useGenerateSkillNameZh();
+  const generateNameZhMutation = useGenerateSkillNameZh();
+
+  const validateFile = useCallback(
+    async (selected: File, category: "custom" | "public") => {
+      setValidation(null);
+      setValidationError(null);
+      try {
+        const result = await validateMutation.mutateAsync({
+          file: selected,
+          targetCategory: category,
+        });
+        setValidation(result);
+      } catch (err) {
+        setValidationError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
+      }
+    },
+    [validateMutation],
+  );
 
   const reset = useCallback(() => {
     setFile(null);
@@ -1240,19 +1257,12 @@ function InstallSkillDialog({
       if (!lower.endsWith(".zip") && !lower.endsWith(".skill")) {
         toast.error(dialog.rejectInvalidExt);
         return;
-      }
+      }
-      setFile(selected);
+      setFile(selected);
-      setValidation(null);
+      await validateFile(selected, targetCategory);
-      setValidationError(null);
+    },
-      try {
+    [dialog.rejectInvalidExt, targetCategory, validateFile],
-        const result = await validateMutation.mutateAsync(selected);
+  );
-        setValidation(result);
-      } catch (err) {
-        setValidationError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
-      }
-    },
-    [dialog.rejectInvalidExt, validateMutation],
-  );
 
   const onDrop = useCallback(
     (e: React.DragEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
@@ -1329,12 +1339,29 @@ function InstallSkillDialog({
     }
   }, [dialog.nameZhSaved, installedName, nameZhDraft, onClose, reset, setNameZhMutation]);
 
-  const isPublicConflict = validation?.conflict && validation.conflict_kind === "public";
+  const isPublicConflict = validation?.conflict && validation.conflict_kind === "public";
-  const isCustomConflict = validation?.conflict && validation.conflict_kind === "custom";
+  const isCustomConflict = validation?.conflict && validation.conflict_kind === "custom";
-  // Admin targeting public directory can overwrite an existing public skill.
+  // Admin targeting public directory can overwrite an existing public skill.
-  const adminCanOverwritePublic = isAdmin && targetCategory === "public" && !!isPublicConflict;
+  const adminCanOverwritePublic = isAdmin && targetCategory === "public" && !!isPublicConflict;
-  const canInstall = !!validation && !validationError && !isCustomConflict && (adminCanOverwritePublic ? false : !isPublicConflict);
+  const canInstall = !!validation && !validationError && validation.can_install_as_is;
-  const canOverwrite = !!validation && !validationError && (!!isCustomConflict || adminCanOverwritePublic);
+  const canOverwrite = !!validation && !validationError && validation.can_overwrite;
+  const ownCustomCanOverwrite = !!isCustomConflict && !!validation?.owned_by_me && canOverwrite;
+  const otherCustomConflict = !!isCustomConflict && !!validation?.owned_by_other;
+  const customConflictMessage = !validation
+    ? ""
+    : otherCustomConflict
+      ? dialog.conflictOwnedByOther
+          .replace("{name}", validation.skill_name)
+          .replace(
+            "{owner}",
+            validation.owner_username ?? validation.owner_user_id ?? "—",
+          )
+      : validation.owned_by_me
+        ? (ownCustomCanOverwrite
+            ? dialog.conflictOwnedByMe
+            : dialog.conflictOwnedByMeWrongTarget
+          ).replace("{name}", validation.skill_name)
+        : dialog.conflictCustom.replace("{name}", validation.skill_name);
 
   return (
     <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={(o) => !o && handleClose()}>
@@ -1453,9 +1480,12 @@ function InstallSkillDialog({
                     <input
                       type="radio"
                       name="targetCategory"
-                      value={cat}
+                      value={cat}
-                      checked={targetCategory === cat}
+                      checked={targetCategory === cat}
-                      onChange={() => setTargetCategory(cat)}
+                      onChange={() => {
+                        setTargetCategory(cat);
+                        if (file) void validateFile(file, cat);
+                      }}
                       className="accent-primary"
                     />
                     <span>{cat === "custom" ? dialog.categoryCustom : dialog.categoryPublic}</span>
@@ -1513,15 +1543,18 @@ function InstallSkillDialog({
                   </ul>
                 </Field>
               )}
-              {isCustomConflict && (
+              {isCustomConflict && (
-                <div className="text-amber-600 mt-1 flex items-start gap-2 text-xs">
+                <div
-                  <AlertCircle className="mt-0.5 size-3.5 shrink-0" />
+                  className={cn(
-                  <span>
+                    "mt-1 flex items-start gap-2 text-xs",
-                    {desensitize(
+                    ownCustomCanOverwrite ? "text-amber-600" : "text-destructive",
-                      dialog.conflictCustom.replace("{name}", validation.skill_name),
+                  )}
-                    )}
+                >
-                  </span>
+                  <AlertCircle className="mt-0.5 size-3.5 shrink-0" />
-                </div>
+                  <span>
+                    {desensitize(customConflictMessage)}
+                  </span>
+                </div>
               )}
               {isPublicConflict && (
                 <div className={cn("mt-1 flex items-start gap-2 text-xs", adminCanOverwritePublic ? "text-amber-600" : "text-destructive")}>

frontend-web/src/core/i18n/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -591,20 +591,26 @@ export const enUS: Translations = {
         chooseFile: "Choose file",
         validating: "Validating archive…",
         installing: "Installing…",
-        replace: "Replace existing",
+        replace: "Upload again and replace",
         install: "Install",
         cancel: "Cancel",
         nameLabel: "Name",
         descriptionLabel: "Description",
         licenseLabel: "License",
         toolsLabel: "Allowed tools",
-        warningsLabel: "Warnings",
+        warningsLabel: "Warnings",
-        conflictCustom:
+        conflictOwnedByMe:
-          "A custom skill named '{name}' is already installed. Use 'Replace existing' to overwrite (its enabled state will be kept).",
+          "You already uploaded a skill named '{name}'. You may upload it again and replace your existing copy (its enabled state will be kept).",
+        conflictOwnedByMeWrongTarget:
+          "The custom skill '{name}' belongs to you. Switch the target to 'Custom skill' to replace it.",
+        conflictOwnedByOther:
+          "Skill '{name}' was uploaded by user '{owner}' and cannot be replaced. Rename the skill before uploading.",
+        conflictCustom:
+          "A custom skill named '{name}' already exists, but its uploader could not be identified. Rename it to avoid overwriting someone else's skill.",
         conflictPublic:
           "A built-in public skill named '{name}' already exists and cannot be overwritten.",
-        conflictPublicAdminHint:
+        conflictPublicAdminHint:
-          "A built-in public skill named '{name}' exists. Switch to 'Built-in' and click 'Replace existing' to overwrite.",
+          "A built-in public skill named '{name}' exists. Click 'Upload again and replace' to overwrite it.",
         installSuccess: "Skill '{name}' installed.",
         installSuccessReplaced: "Skill '{name}' replaced.",
         rejectInvalidExt: "Only .zip or .skill files are accepted.",

frontend-web/src/core/i18n/locales/types.ts

@@ -525,9 +525,12 @@ export interface Translations {
         nameLabel: string;
         descriptionLabel: string;
         licenseLabel: string;
-        toolsLabel: string;
+        toolsLabel: string;
-        warningsLabel: string;
+        warningsLabel: string;
-        conflictCustom: string;
+        conflictOwnedByMe: string;
+        conflictOwnedByMeWrongTarget: string;
+        conflictOwnedByOther: string;
+        conflictCustom: string;
         conflictPublic: string;
         conflictPublicAdminHint: string;
         installSuccess: string;

frontend-web/src/core/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts

@@ -566,18 +566,24 @@ export const zhCN: Translations = {
         chooseFile: "选择文件",
         validating: "正在校验文件…",
         installing: "安装中…",
-        replace: "覆盖已有",
+        replace: "重复上传并覆盖",
         install: "安装",
         cancel: "取消",
         nameLabel: "名称",
         descriptionLabel: "描述",
         licenseLabel: "许可证",
         toolsLabel: "允许的工具",
-        warningsLabel: "警告",
+        warningsLabel: "警告",
-        conflictCustom:
+        conflictOwnedByMe:
-          "已存在同名自定义技能 “{name}”。点击「覆盖已有」可替换（原启用状态保留）。",
+          "您已上传过同名技能 “{name}”，可重复上传并覆盖原版本（原启用状态保留）。",
+        conflictOwnedByMeWrongTarget:
+          "同名技能 “{name}” 是您上传的自定义技能，请切换到「自定义技能」后覆盖。",
+        conflictOwnedByOther:
+          "技能 “{name}” 已由用户 “{owner}” 上传，不能覆盖，请修改技能名称后再上传。",
+        conflictCustom:
+          "已存在同名自定义技能 “{name}”，但无法确认上传用户，为避免误覆盖请修改技能名称。",
         conflictPublic: `存在同名内置技能 '{name}'，无法覆盖。`,
-        conflictPublicAdminHint: `存在同名内置技能 '{name}'。切换到「内置技能」并点击「覆盖已有」可替换。`,
+        conflictPublicAdminHint: `存在同名内置技能 '{name}'。点击「重复上传并覆盖」可替换。`,
         installSuccess: `技能 '{name}' 已安装。`,
         installSuccessReplaced: `技能 '{name}' 已替换。`,
         rejectInvalidExt: `只接受 .zip 或 .skill 文件。`,

frontend-web/src/core/skills/api.ts

@@ -175,16 +175,24 @@ export interface PreviewSkillInstallResponse {
   warnings: string[];
 }
 
-export interface ValidateSkillUploadResponse {
+export interface ValidateSkillUploadResponse {
-  ok: boolean;
+  ok: boolean;
-  skill_name: string;
+  skill_name: string;
-  description: string;
+  description: string;
-  license: string | null;
+  license: string | null;
-  allowed_tools: string[];
+  allowed_tools: string[];
-  conflict: boolean;
+  conflict: boolean;
-  conflict_kind: "public" | "custom" | null;
+  conflict_kind: "public" | "custom" | null;
-  warnings: string[];
+  can_install_as_is: boolean;
-}
+  can_overwrite: boolean;
+  owned_by_me: boolean;
+  owned_by_other: boolean;
+  builtin_conflict: boolean;
+  owner_username?: string | null;
+  owner_user_id?: string | null;
+  message: string;
+  warnings: string[];
+}
 
 export async function installSkill(
   request: InstallSkillRequest,
@@ -235,13 +243,20 @@ async function parseDetailedError(response: Response, fallback: string): Promise
   return new Error(message);
 }
 
-export async function validateSkillUpload(file: File): Promise<ValidateSkillUploadResponse> {
+export async function validateSkillUpload(
-  const form = new FormData();
+  file: File,
-  form.append("file", file, file.name);
+  targetCategory: "public" | "custom" = "custom",
-  const response = await apiFetch(`${getBackendBaseURL()}/api/skills/validate`, {
+): Promise<ValidateSkillUploadResponse> {
-    method: "POST",
+  const form = new FormData();
-    body: form,
+  form.append("file", file, file.name);
-  });
+  const params = new URLSearchParams({ target_category: targetCategory });
+  const response = await apiFetch(
+    `${getBackendBaseURL()}/api/skills/validate?${params.toString()}`,
+    {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: form,
+    },
+  );
   if (!response.ok) {
     throw await parseDetailedError(response, "Validation failed");
   }

frontend-web/src/core/skills/hooks.ts

@@ -192,11 +192,17 @@ export function useSetSkillAlwaysOn() {
   });
 }
 
-export function useValidateSkillUpload() {
+export function useValidateSkillUpload() {
-  return useMutation({
+  return useMutation({
-    mutationFn: (file: File) => validateSkillUpload(file),
+    mutationFn: ({
-  });
+      file,
-}
+      targetCategory,
+    }: {
+      file: File;
+      targetCategory?: "public" | "custom";
+    }) => validateSkillUpload(file, targetCategory),
+  });
+}
 
 export function useInstallSkillUpload() {
   const queryClient = useQueryClient();

frontend-web/src/core/threads/hooks.ts

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ export async function stopActiveThreadBeforeClarificationReply(
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 120));
 }
 
-function getStreamErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
+function getStreamErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
   if (typeof error === "string" && error.trim()) {
     return error;
   }
@@ -264,8 +264,21 @@ function getStreamErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
       return nestedError;
     }
   }
-  return "Request failed.";
+  return "Request failed.";
-}
+}
+
+/**
+ * React production error #185 is the minified form of "Maximum update depth
+ * exceeded".  It is a client render-loop guard, not a backend/model failure,
+ * so it must never be surfaced as the answer's stream error.
+ */
+function isReactMaximumUpdateDepthError(message: string): boolean {
+  return (
+    /maximum update depth exceeded/i.test(message) ||
+    /minified react error\s*#185\b/i.test(message) ||
+    /react\.dev\/errors\/185\b/i.test(message)
+  );
+}
 
 const TERMINAL_RUN_STATUSES = new Set([
   "success",
@@ -575,11 +588,17 @@ export function useThreadStream({
     runMetadataStorageRef.current = getRunMetadataStorage();
   }
 
-  const thread = useStream<AgentThreadState>({
+  const thread = useStream<AgentThreadState>({
-    client: getAPIClient(isMock),
+    client: getAPIClient(isMock),
-    assistantId: assistantId ?? "lead_agent",
+    assistantId: assistantId ?? "lead_agent",
-    threadId: onStreamThreadId,
+    threadId: onStreamThreadId,
-    reconnectOnMount: runMetadataStorageRef.current
+    // The SDK's current implementation falls back to synchronous external-
+    // store notifications when this option is omitted. A network chunk can
+    // contain dozens of token events, causing nested React renders and the
+    // intermittent production-only React #185 error. Coalesce notifications
+    // to one visual update per frame; stream data itself is not dropped.
+    throttle: 16,
+    reconnectOnMount: runMetadataStorageRef.current
       ? () => runMetadataStorageRef.current!
       : false,
     fetchStateHistory: { limit: 1 },
@@ -720,10 +739,21 @@ export function useThreadStream({
         toast(e.message);
       }
     },
-    onError(error) {
+    onError(error) {
-      markStreamActivity();
+      markStreamActivity();
-      const message = getStreamErrorMessage(error);
+      const message = getStreamErrorMessage(error);
-      // Replacing a stalled local SSE reader aborts the in-flight fetch. That
+      // A synchronous SDK store notification used to let React's update-depth
+      // guard escape into the stream promise. Do not present that internal UI
+      // exception as a model failure. Reconcile/rejoin on the next task so the
+      // backend run can continue and the current answer is preserved.
+      if (isReactMaximumUpdateDepthError(message)) {
+        window.setTimeout(() => {
+          setStreamHoldOpen(true);
+          void confirmOrRejoinRef.current("error");
+        }, 0);
+        return;
+      }
+      // Replacing a stalled local SSE reader aborts the in-flight fetch. That
       // is expected and must not look like a user-facing "network" failure.
       if (isAbortLikeError(error)) {
         return;
@@ -1390,19 +1420,28 @@ export function useThreadStream({
         }
       : thread.values;
 
-  const mergedMessages =
+  const mergedMessages =
-    Array.isArray(mergedValues.messages)
+    Array.isArray(mergedValues.messages)
-      ? (mergedValues.messages as Message[])
+      ? (mergedValues.messages as Message[])
-      : thread.messages;
+      : thread.messages;
-
+
-  const mergedThread =
+  const visibleThreadError =
-    optimisticMessages.length > 0 || mergedValues !== thread.values
+    thread.error &&
-      ? ({
+    isReactMaximumUpdateDepthError(getStreamErrorMessage(thread.error))
-          ...thread,
+      ? undefined
-          values: mergedValues,
+      : thread.error;
-          messages: [...mergedMessages, ...optimisticMessages],
+
-        } as typeof thread)
+  const mergedThread =
-      : thread;
+    optimisticMessages.length > 0 ||
+    mergedValues !== thread.values ||
+    visibleThreadError !== thread.error
+      ? ({
+          ...thread,
+          error: visibleThreadError,
+          values: mergedValues,
+          messages: [...mergedMessages, ...optimisticMessages],
+        } as typeof thread)
+      : thread;
 
   // 第 4 个返回值 `onStreamThreadId` = 底层 useStream 当前实际绑定的线程 id（新建/未保存时为 null）。
   // 调用方据此判断「流是否已切到全新线程」，避免在切换会话的那一帧把消息发进上一个会话

offline-backend-20260512/backend/CLAUDE.md

@@ -732,9 +732,13 @@ MySQL index script synchronized.
   `lead_agent.prompt._build_es_query_routing_section` injects the rule into the
   default lead-agent system prompt. Custom-agent-only prompts receive it only
   when their explicit skill allowlist contains `es_query`; disabling the switch
-  or leaving the prompt blank emits no block. Tests:
+  or leaving the prompt blank emits no block. Immediately before an ordinary Q&A
+  graph is created, `lead_agent.agent._log_es_query_routing_registration` checks
+  the exact configured block against the final system-prompt string and logs
+  `enabled`, allowlist eligibility, `registered`, character count, and a short
+  SHA-256 fingerprint (never the prompt body). Tests:
   `tests/test_es_query_routing_prompt.py`.
-- **Installation**: `POST /api/skills/install` extracts .skill ZIP archive to custom/ directory
+- **Installation**: `POST /api/skills/install` extracts .skill ZIP archive to custom/ directory. Direct uploads use the ownership-aware `POST /api/skills/validate?target_category=...` preflight plus `POST /api/skills/install-upload`: a same-owner custom conflict may be uploaded again with `overwrite=true`, while a different owner's conflict is non-overwritable and returns that owner's username (falling back to user id). The install endpoint repeats the ownership check, including for admins targeting `custom`, so callers cannot bypass the preflight. Public-skill overwrite remains admin-only.
 - **Installable sentiment analysis package**: `skill-packages/sentiment-analysis.skill` is deliberately separate from the existing frontend virtual-agent path. Its self-contained `config/sentiment-agent.json` owns the external AG-UI address; Basic Auth is resolved from `SENTIMENT_AGENT_AUTH_USERNAME` / `SENTIMENT_AGENT_AUTH_PASSWORD` at runtime (not committed into the package). `scripts/sentiment_stream.py` uses only the Python standard library and converts upstream SSE to stable NDJSON events (`thinking_delta`, `answer_delta`, `done`), with a Markdown convenience mode for normal agent calls. Installation/calling guide: `skill-packages/sentiment-analysis/docs/调用与安装说明.md`.
 - **Chinese name (`name_zh`)**: a Chinese display name stored in the **`skills` DB table** (`SkillRow.name_zh`, `String(128)`, migration `20260609_01`) ? never written to the on-disk SKILL.md, so it works for built-in skills too. Threaded through `SkillStore` create/ensure_legacy/update/update_admin exactly like `detail`; surfaced on `SkillResponse.name_zh` from the ownership record in `_skill_to_response`. Authorization mirrors `detail`: custom skill ? owner or admin; built-in/public ? admin only (row materialized on demand via `ensure_legacy`). Endpoints (in `app/gateway/routers/skills.py`): `PUT /api/skills/{name}/name-zh` (set/clear), `POST /api/skills/{name}/name-zh/generate` (LLM generates one), `POST /api/skills/name-zh/generate-missing` (????: **admin-only** bulk-generate for every skill that lacks one, bounded-concurrency `asyncio.gather`). **Optional model selection**: both generate endpoints accept an optional JSON body `{model_name}` ? an explicit name wins, else the curator model setting, else the main model (`_resolve_skill_name_zh_model_name`). **Model-error surfacing**: `_generate_skill_name_zh` raises `SkillNameZhModelError` when the model itself fails (build/timeout/API error) ? distinct from the model returning an unusable name (? `None`). The single endpoint maps that to `502 ?????,?????????:?`; the bulk endpoint fails fast on a model-build error (502) and otherwise carries a representative `model_error` string in `SkillNameZhBulkResponse` so the UI can say "N ?????????". The frontend (`skill-settings-page.tsx` list + `skill-detail-dialog.tsx` editor, plus the agent skill pickers/badges in `NewAgentPage.tsx` + `agent-card.tsx`) shows `name_zh || name`, offers per-skill "AI ??" plus an **admin-only** header "???????" button, and a compact model dropdown (`components/workspace/model-name-select.tsx`, default = configured model) beside each action.
 

offline-backend-20260512/backend/README.md

@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ FastAPI application providing REST endpoints for frontend integration:
 | `GET/PUT /api/mcp/config` | Manage MCP server configurations |
 | `GET/PUT /api/skills` | List and manage skills |
 | `POST /api/skills/install` | Install skill from `.skill` archive |
+| `POST /api/skills/validate`, `POST /api/skills/install-upload` | Validate and upload `.zip`/`.skill` packages with owner-aware conflicts: owners may explicitly overwrite their own copy; other users' copies report the uploader and cannot be overwritten |
 | `GET/POST /api/agents` | List visible agents or create a user-owned agent |
 | `GET/PUT/DELETE /api/agents/{id}` | Read, update, or delete an id-addressed agent |
 | `GET/POST/PUT/DELETE /api/roundtable-chains` | Manage user-owned roundtable business chains; each seat may optionally carry `position_id` for the separate position-collaboration workspace, plus `human_validation` to mark a Step 2 client-side pause checkpoint after that seat/stage completes (the original roundtable has no extra validation card) |
@@ -508,7 +509,10 @@ Key sections:
 - `sandbox` - Execution environment provider
 - `skills` - Skills directory paths plus optional prompt routing; `skills.es_query_routing`
   can inject an editable system-prompt rule that sends flexible Elasticsearch Query DSL
-  requests to the `es_query` skill, and can be disabled without changing code
+  requests to the `es_query` skill, and can be disabled without changing code. Each ordinary
+  Q&A agent build logs `ES query routing prompt registration` with `registered`, eligibility,
+  character count, and a short SHA-256 fingerprint so operators can verify the exact configured
+  block reached the final model system prompt without logging its contents
 - `title` - Auto-title generation settings
 - `summarization` - Context summarization settings
 - `subagents` - Subagent system (enabled/disabled)

offline-backend-20260512/backend/app/gateway/routers/skills.py

@@ -272,6 +272,14 @@ class SkillUploadValidateResponse(BaseModel):
     allowed_tools: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="Tools the skill may invoke")
     conflict: bool = Field(default=False, description="True if a skill with the same name already exists")
     conflict_kind: str | None = Field(default=None, description="'public' or 'custom' when conflict=true")
+    can_install_as_is: bool = Field(default=True, description="Whether the archive can be installed without overwrite")
+    can_overwrite: bool = Field(default=False, description="Whether the caller may overwrite the conflicting skill")
+    owned_by_me: bool = Field(default=False, description="True when the caller owns the conflicting custom skill")
+    owned_by_other: bool = Field(default=False, description="True when another user owns the conflicting custom skill")
+    builtin_conflict: bool = Field(default=False, description="True when the name conflicts with a built-in/public skill")
+    owner_username: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Friendly username for a conflicting skill owned by another user")
+    owner_user_id: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Owner user id for a conflicting custom skill")
+    message: str = Field(default="", description="Human-readable upload guidance")
     warnings: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="Non-fatal warnings to surface to the user")
 
 
@@ -972,16 +980,55 @@ async def _persist_uploaded_skill(file: UploadFile) -> Path:
     "/skills/validate",
     response_model=SkillUploadValidateResponse,
     summary="Validate Skill Archive (No Install)",
-    description="Inspect an uploaded .zip/.skill archive and report parsed metadata + conflicts. Does NOT install or run the LLM security scan.",
+    description="Inspect an uploaded .zip/.skill archive and report parsed metadata plus ownership-aware conflicts. Does NOT install or run the LLM security scan.",
 )
 async def validate_skill_upload(
+    request: Request,
     file: UploadFile = File(..., description="The .zip or .skill archive to validate"),
+    target_category: SkillCategory = SkillCategory.CUSTOM,
     config: AppConfig = Depends(get_config),
+    skill_store: SkillStore = Depends(get_skill_store),
 ) -> SkillUploadValidateResponse:
     tmp_path = await _persist_uploaded_skill(file)
     try:
         result = get_or_new_skill_storage(app_config=config).validate_skill_archive(tmp_path)
-        return SkillUploadValidateResponse(**result)
+        (
+            can_install_as_is,
+            can_overwrite,
+            owned_by_me,
+            owned_by_other,
+            builtin_conflict,
+            owner_user_id,
+            owner_username,
+            message,
+        ) = await _preview_install_target(
+            request=request,
+            skill_store=skill_store,
+            skill_name=str(result.get("skill_name") or ""),
+            target_category=target_category,
+            conflict_kind=result.get("conflict_kind"),
+        )
+        effective_conflict_kind = result.get("conflict_kind")
+        if effective_conflict_kind is None:
+            if owned_by_me or owned_by_other:
+                effective_conflict_kind = "custom"
+            elif builtin_conflict:
+                effective_conflict_kind = "public"
+        return SkillUploadValidateResponse(
+            **{
+                **result,
+                "conflict": bool(result.get("conflict") or effective_conflict_kind),
+                "conflict_kind": effective_conflict_kind,
+                "can_install_as_is": can_install_as_is,
+                "can_overwrite": can_overwrite,
+                "owned_by_me": owned_by_me,
+                "owned_by_other": owned_by_other,
+                "builtin_conflict": builtin_conflict,
+                "owner_username": owner_username,
+                "owner_user_id": owner_user_id,
+                "message": message,
+            }
+        )
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except FileNotFoundError as e:
@@ -999,7 +1046,7 @@ async def validate_skill_upload(
     "/skills/install-upload",
     response_model=SkillInstallResponse,
     summary="Install Skill from Upload",
-    description="Install a skill directly from an uploaded .zip/.skill archive. Set ?overwrite=true to replace an existing skill with the same name.",
+    description="Install a skill directly from an uploaded .zip/.skill archive. Set ?overwrite=true to replace the caller's own custom skill, or an existing public skill when installing as an admin.",
 )
 async def install_skill_upload(
     request: Request,
@@ -1017,22 +1064,30 @@ async def install_skill_upload(
     tmp_path = await _persist_uploaded_skill(file)
     try:
         storage = get_or_new_skill_storage(app_config=config)
-        # Pre-parse the archive to learn the skill name without writing anything,
+        # Re-run the same ownership-aware preflight used by /skills/validate.
-        # so we can reject the upload before touching the filesystem if another
+        # This closes the time-of-check/time-of-use gap and prevents a crafted
-        # user already owns this name. Admins bypass the ownership check since
+        # request (including an admin installing into custom/) from replacing a
-        # they install to the shared public directory.
+        # different user's skill.
-        try:
+        validation = storage.validate_skill_archive(tmp_path)
-            validation = storage.validate_skill_archive(tmp_path)
+        preview_name = str(validation.get("skill_name") or "")
-            preview_name = validation.get("skill_name") if isinstance(validation, dict) else None
+        (
-        except Exception:
+            can_install_as_is,
-            preview_name = None
+            can_overwrite,
-        if preview_name and not is_admin:
+            _owned_by_me,
-            existing = await skill_store.get_any(preview_name)
+            _owned_by_other,
-            if existing and existing.get("owner_user_id") not in (None, user_id):
+            _builtin_conflict,
-                raise HTTPException(
+            _owner_user_id,
-                    status_code=409,
+            _owner_username,
-                    detail=f"Skill '{preview_name}' already exists and is owned by another user",
+            conflict_message,
-                )
+        ) = await _preview_install_target(
+            request=request,
+            skill_store=skill_store,
+            skill_name=preview_name,
+            target_category=target_category,
+            conflict_kind=validation.get("conflict_kind"),
+        )
+        if (overwrite and not can_install_as_is and not can_overwrite) or (not overwrite and not can_install_as_is):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail=conflict_message)
         result = await storage.ainstall_skill_from_archive(tmp_path, overwrite=overwrite, require_skill_suffix=False, target_category=target_category)
         try:
             from deerflow.skills.usage import mark_uploaded
@@ -1075,7 +1130,8 @@ async def _preview_install_target(
     skill_store: SkillStore,
     skill_name: str,
     target_category: SkillCategory,
-) -> tuple[bool, bool, bool, bool, str | None, str | None, str]:
+    conflict_kind: str | None = None,
+) -> tuple[bool, bool, bool, bool, bool, str | None, str | None, str]:
     """Return installability / ownership info for a parsed skill name."""
 
     user_id = _current_user_id(request)
@@ -1085,27 +1141,44 @@ async def _preview_install_target(
     owner_username: str | None = None
     if owner_user_id:
         try:
-            attached = await _attach_owner_usernames(
+            attached = await _attach_owner_usernames([SkillResponse(name=skill_name, description="", license=None, category=SkillCategory.CUSTOM, owner_user_id=owner_user_id)])
-                [SkillResponse(name=skill_name, description="", license=None, category=SkillCategory.CUSTOM, owner_user_id=owner_user_id)]
-            )
             owner_username = attached[0].owner_username if attached else None
         except Exception:
             owner_username = None
 
-    builtin_conflict = bool(existing and owner_user_id is None)
+    custom_conflict = conflict_kind == "custom" or bool(existing and owner_user_id is not None)
-    owned_by_me = bool(existing and owner_user_id == user_id)
+    builtin_conflict = conflict_kind == "public" or bool(existing and owner_user_id is None and conflict_kind != "custom")
-    owned_by_other = bool(existing and owner_user_id not in (None, user_id))
+    owned_by_me = bool(custom_conflict and owner_user_id == user_id)
+    owned_by_other = bool(custom_conflict and owner_user_id not in (None, user_id))
+    unattributed_custom_conflict = bool(custom_conflict and owner_user_id is None and not builtin_conflict)
 
     if target_category == SkillCategory.PUBLIC and not is_admin:
-        return False, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, builtin_conflict, owner_user_id, owner_username, "Only admin users can install skills to the public directory"
+        return False, False, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, builtin_conflict, owner_user_id, owner_username, "Only admin users can install skills to the public directory"
+
+    if target_category == SkillCategory.PUBLIC:
+        if custom_conflict:
+            who = owner_username or owner_user_id
+            if owned_by_other and who:
+                message = f"Skill '{skill_name}' has already been uploaded by user '{who}' and cannot be overwritten."
+            elif owned_by_me:
+                message = f"You already own custom skill '{skill_name}'. Switch the target to custom to overwrite it."
+            else:
+                message = f"Skill '{skill_name}' already exists as a custom skill and its owner could not be determined."
+            return False, False, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, builtin_conflict, owner_user_id, owner_username, message
+        if builtin_conflict:
+            return False, True, False, False, True, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"Built-in/public skill '{skill_name}' already exists and can be overwritten by an admin."
+        return True, False, False, False, False, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"Skill '{skill_name}' can be installed."
+
     if builtin_conflict:
-        return False, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, True, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"Skill '{skill_name}' already exists as a built-in/public skill. Please install it under a different name."
+        return False, False, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, True, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"Skill '{skill_name}' already exists as a built-in/public skill. Please install it under a different name."
     if owned_by_other:
-        who = owner_username or "another user"
+        who = owner_username or owner_user_id or "another user"
-        return False, owned_by_me, True, builtin_conflict, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"Skill '{skill_name}' has already been installed by {who}. Please choose a different name."
+        return False, False, False, True, False, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"Skill '{skill_name}' has already been uploaded by user '{who}' and cannot be overwritten."
     if owned_by_me:
-        return False, True, False, builtin_conflict, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"You have already installed skill '{skill_name}'. You can keep using it or install this copy under a different name."
+        return False, True, True, False, False, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"You have already uploaded skill '{skill_name}'. You may upload it again and overwrite your existing copy."
-    return True, False, False, builtin_conflict, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"Skill '{skill_name}' can be installed."
+    if unattributed_custom_conflict:
+        return False, False, False, False, False, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"Skill '{skill_name}' already exists, but its owner could not be determined. It cannot be overwritten safely."
+    return True, False, False, False, False, owner_user_id, owner_username, f"Skill '{skill_name}' can be installed."
 
 
 async def _build_renamed_skill_archive(
@@ -1193,11 +1266,12 @@ async def preview_skill_install(
         skill_file_path = await aresolve_thread_virtual_path(body.thread_id, body.path)
         validation = get_or_new_skill_storage(app_config=config).validate_skill_archive(skill_file_path, require_skill_suffix=False)
         skill_name = str(validation.get("skill_name") or "")
-        can_install_as_is, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, builtin_conflict, owner_user_id, owner_username, message = await _preview_install_target(
+        can_install_as_is, _can_overwrite, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, builtin_conflict, owner_user_id, owner_username, message = await _preview_install_target(
             request=request,
             skill_store=skill_store,
             skill_name=skill_name,
             target_category=body.target_category,
+            conflict_kind=validation.get("conflict_kind"),
         )
         return SkillInstallPreviewResponse(
             ok=True,
@@ -1248,11 +1322,12 @@ async def install_skill(
         storage = get_or_new_skill_storage(app_config=config)
         validation = storage.validate_skill_archive(skill_file_path, require_skill_suffix=False)
         preview_name = requested_name or str(validation.get("skill_name") or "")
-        can_install_as_is, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, builtin_conflict, _owner_user_id, _owner_username, message = await _preview_install_target(
+        can_install_as_is, _can_overwrite, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, builtin_conflict, _owner_user_id, _owner_username, message = await _preview_install_target(
             request=request,
             skill_store=skill_store,
             skill_name=preview_name,
             target_category=target_category,
+            conflict_kind=(validation.get("conflict_kind") if requested_name is None or requested_name == validation.get("skill_name") else None),
         )
         if not can_install_as_is:
             if requested_name and requested_name != validation.get("skill_name") and not owned_by_other and not builtin_conflict:

offline-backend-20260512/backend/packages/harness/deerflow/agents/lead_agent/agent.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import logging
+import hashlib
+import logging
 
 from langchain.agents import create_agent
 from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware
@@ -32,7 +33,45 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # 写作配置 Q&A 现在「先生成大纲并与用户多轮确认 → 再提交配置」，需要更多来回，故上限放宽。
 # 仍是兜底安全阀：到顶才用 tool_choice 强制提交，正常流程由用户确认大纲后自然提交。
 WRITING_SETUP_MAX_ROUNDS = 8
-REPORT_STRUCTURE_SETUP_MAX_ROUNDS = 8
+REPORT_STRUCTURE_SETUP_MAX_ROUNDS = 8
+
+_ES_QUERY_ROUTING_OPEN_TAG = '<skill_routing skill="es_query">'
+
+
+def _log_es_query_routing_registration(
+    *,
+    system_prompt: str,
+    app_config: AppConfig,
+    agent_id: str | None,
+    available_skills: set[str] | None,
+) -> None:
+    """Log whether the exact configured ES routing block reached this Q&A prompt."""
+    routing = app_config.skills.es_query_routing
+    configured_prompt = (routing.prompt or "").strip()
+    expected_block = (
+        f"{_ES_QUERY_ROUTING_OPEN_TAG}\n{configured_prompt}\n</skill_routing>"
+        if configured_prompt
+        else ""
+    )
+    eligible = available_skills is None or "es_query" in available_skills
+    registered = bool(expected_block) and expected_block in system_prompt
+    fingerprint = (
+        hashlib.sha256(configured_prompt.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()[:12]
+        if configured_prompt
+        else "-"
+    )
+
+    log = logger.info if registered or not routing.enabled or not eligible else logger.warning
+    log(
+        "ES query routing prompt registration: agent_id=%s enabled=%s eligible=%s "
+        "registered=%s prompt_chars=%d prompt_sha256=%s",
+        agent_id or "default",
+        routing.enabled,
+        eligible,
+        registered,
+        len(configured_prompt),
+        fingerprint,
+    )
 
 
 def _get_runtime_config(config: RunnableConfig) -> dict:
@@ -661,8 +700,8 @@ def _make_lead_agent(config: RunnableConfig, *, app_config: AppConfig):
             writing_mode=writing_mode,
             writing_artifact_path=writing_artifact_path,
         )
-    else:
+    else:
-        system_prompt = apply_prompt_template(
+        system_prompt = apply_prompt_template(
             subagent_enabled=subagent_enabled,
             max_concurrent_subagents=max_concurrent_subagents,
             agent_id=agent_id,
@@ -672,12 +711,19 @@ def _make_lead_agent(config: RunnableConfig, *, app_config: AppConfig):
             available_skills=prompt_available_skills,
             app_config=resolved_app_config,
             memory_injection_enabled=memory_injection_enabled,
-            rag_mode_enabled=rag_mode_enabled,
+            rag_mode_enabled=rag_mode_enabled,
-            is_notebook_mode=is_notebook_mode,
+            is_notebook_mode=is_notebook_mode,
-            notebook_source_ids=notebook_source_ids,
+            notebook_source_ids=notebook_source_ids,
-        )
+        )
-
+
-    return create_agent(
+    _log_es_query_routing_registration(
+        system_prompt=system_prompt,
+        app_config=resolved_app_config,
+        agent_id=agent_id,
+        available_skills=prompt_available_skills,
+    )
+
+    return create_agent(
         model=create_chat_model(name=model_name, thinking_enabled=thinking_enabled, reasoning_effort=reasoning_effort, force_disable_thinking=thinking_force_disabled, app_config=resolved_app_config),
         tools=default_tools,
         middleware=_build_middlewares(config, model_name=model_name, agent_name=agent_id, app_config=resolved_app_config),

offline-backend-20260512/backend/tests/test_es_query_routing_prompt.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import logging
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 
+from deerflow.agents.lead_agent import agent as agent_module
 from deerflow.agents.lead_agent import prompt as prompt_module
 from deerflow.config.skills_config import EsQueryRoutingConfig, SkillsConfig
 
@@ -68,3 +70,41 @@ def test_es_query_routing_is_injected_into_lead_and_allowed_custom_agent_prompts
     assert "自定义 ES 路由规则" in lead_prompt
     assert '<skill_routing skill="es_query">' in allowed_custom_prompt
     assert '<skill_routing skill="es_query">' not in denied_custom_prompt
+
+
+def test_es_query_routing_registration_log_confirms_exact_final_prompt(caplog) -> None:
+    config = _app_config(enabled=True, prompt="自定义 ES 路由规则")
+    system_prompt = '<skill_routing skill="es_query">\n自定义 ES 路由规则\n</skill_routing>'
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO, logger=agent_module.__name__):
+        agent_module._log_es_query_routing_registration(
+            system_prompt=system_prompt,
+            app_config=config,
+            agent_id=None,
+            available_skills=None,
+        )
+
+    assert "ES query routing prompt registration" in caplog.text
+    assert "agent_id=default" in caplog.text
+    assert "enabled=True" in caplog.text
+    assert "eligible=True" in caplog.text
+    assert "registered=True" in caplog.text
+    assert "prompt_chars=11" in caplog.text
+    assert "prompt_sha256=" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_es_query_routing_registration_log_explains_custom_agent_exclusion(caplog) -> None:
+    config = _app_config(enabled=True, prompt="自定义 ES 路由规则")
+
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO, logger=agent_module.__name__):
+        agent_module._log_es_query_routing_registration(
+            system_prompt="custom agent prompt",
+            app_config=config,
+            agent_id="agent-without-es",
+            available_skills={"other_skill"},
+        )
+
+    assert "agent_id=agent-without-es" in caplog.text
+    assert "enabled=True" in caplog.text
+    assert "eligible=False" in caplog.text
+    assert "registered=False" in caplog.text

offline-backend-20260512/backend/tests/test_skills_install_upload.py

@@ -5,11 +5,16 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import io
 import zipfile
 from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
 
 import pytest
+from fastapi import HTTPException
 
+from app.gateway.routers import skills as skills_router
+from deerflow.persistence.skills import MemorySkillStore
 from deerflow.skills.installer import SkillAlreadyExistsError
 from deerflow.skills.storage.local_skill_storage import LocalSkillStorage
+from deerflow.skills.types import SkillCategory
 
 
 def _make_skill_zip(
@@ -239,3 +244,218 @@ async def test_install_refuses_to_overwrite_public_skill(
         await storage.ainstall_skill_from_archive(
             archive, overwrite=True, require_skill_suffix=False
         )
+
+
+# ---------- ownership-aware direct upload conflicts ----------
+
+
+def _request(user_id: str, *, is_admin: bool = False) -> SimpleNamespace:
+    return SimpleNamespace(
+        state=SimpleNamespace(
+            user=SimpleNamespace(
+                id=user_id,
+                system_role="admin" if is_admin else "user",
+            )
+        )
+    )
+
+
+async def _attach_test_owner_names(responses):
+    for response in responses:
+        if response.owner_user_id == "user-b":
+            response.owner_username = "bob"
+    return responses
+
+
+class _UploadStorage:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.install_calls = 0
+
+    def validate_skill_archive(self, _path: Path) -> dict:
+        return {
+            "ok": True,
+            "skill_name": "demo-skill",
+            "description": "demo",
+            "license": None,
+            "allowed_tools": [],
+            "conflict": True,
+            "conflict_kind": "custom",
+            "warnings": [],
+        }
+
+    async def ainstall_skill_from_archive(self, *_args, **_kwargs) -> dict:
+        self.install_calls += 1
+        return {
+            "success": True,
+            "skill_name": "demo-skill",
+            "message": "installed",
+            "overwritten": True,
+            "category": "custom",
+        }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_upload_preflight_allows_owner_to_overwrite(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    store = MemorySkillStore()
+    await store.create({"name": "demo-skill", "owner_user_id": "user-a"})
+    monkeypatch.setattr(skills_router, "_attach_owner_usernames", _attach_test_owner_names)
+
+    result = await skills_router._preview_install_target(
+        request=_request("user-a"),
+        skill_store=store,
+        skill_name="demo-skill",
+        target_category=SkillCategory.CUSTOM,
+        conflict_kind="custom",
+    )
+
+    can_install_as_is, can_overwrite, owned_by_me, owned_by_other, *_rest = result
+    assert can_install_as_is is False
+    assert can_overwrite is True
+    assert owned_by_me is True
+    assert owned_by_other is False
+    assert "upload it again and overwrite" in result[-1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_upload_preflight_names_the_other_owner(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    store = MemorySkillStore()
+    await store.create({"name": "demo-skill", "owner_user_id": "user-b"})
+    monkeypatch.setattr(skills_router, "_attach_owner_usernames", _attach_test_owner_names)
+
+    result = await skills_router._preview_install_target(
+        request=_request("user-a"),
+        skill_store=store,
+        skill_name="demo-skill",
+        target_category=SkillCategory.CUSTOM,
+        conflict_kind="custom",
+    )
+
+    can_install_as_is, can_overwrite, owned_by_me, owned_by_other = result[:4]
+    assert can_install_as_is is False
+    assert can_overwrite is False
+    assert owned_by_me is False
+    assert owned_by_other is True
+    assert result[6] == "bob"
+    assert "user 'bob'" in result[-1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_validate_upload_surfaces_the_other_owner(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    store = MemorySkillStore()
+    await store.create({"name": "demo-skill", "owner_user_id": "user-b"})
+    storage = _UploadStorage()
+    upload_path = tmp_path / "validate.skill"
+    upload_path.write_bytes(b"placeholder")
+
+    async def _persist(_file) -> Path:
+        return upload_path
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(skills_router, "_persist_uploaded_skill", _persist)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        skills_router,
+        "get_or_new_skill_storage",
+        lambda **_kwargs: storage,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        skills_router,
+        "_attach_owner_usernames",
+        _attach_test_owner_names,
+    )
+
+    response = await skills_router.validate_skill_upload(
+        request=_request("user-a"),
+        file=object(),
+        target_category=SkillCategory.CUSTOM,
+        config=object(),
+        skill_store=store,
+    )
+
+    assert response.conflict is True
+    assert response.conflict_kind == "custom"
+    assert response.can_overwrite is False
+    assert response.owned_by_other is True
+    assert response.owner_username == "bob"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_direct_upload_owner_can_overwrite_own_skill(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    store = MemorySkillStore()
+    await store.create({"name": "demo-skill", "owner_user_id": "user-a"})
+    storage = _UploadStorage()
+    upload_path = tmp_path / "owner-upload.skill"
+    upload_path.write_bytes(b"placeholder")
+
+    async def _persist(_file) -> Path:
+        return upload_path
+
+    async def _refresh() -> None:
+        return None
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(skills_router, "_persist_uploaded_skill", _persist)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        skills_router,
+        "get_or_new_skill_storage",
+        lambda **_kwargs: storage,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        skills_router,
+        "refresh_skills_system_prompt_cache_async",
+        _refresh,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr("deerflow.skills.usage.mark_uploaded", lambda _name: None)
+
+    response = await skills_router.install_skill_upload(
+        request=_request("user-a"),
+        file=object(),
+        overwrite=True,
+        target_category=SkillCategory.CUSTOM,
+        config=object(),
+        skill_store=store,
+    )
+
+    assert response.success is True
+    assert response.overwritten is True
+    assert storage.install_calls == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_direct_upload_rechecks_owner_before_overwrite(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    store = MemorySkillStore()
+    await store.create({"name": "demo-skill", "owner_user_id": "user-b"})
+    storage = _UploadStorage()
+    upload_path = tmp_path / "upload.skill"
+    upload_path.write_bytes(b"placeholder")
+
+    async def _persist(_file) -> Path:
+        return upload_path
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(skills_router, "_persist_uploaded_skill", _persist)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(skills_router, "get_or_new_skill_storage", lambda **_kwargs: storage)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(skills_router, "_attach_owner_usernames", _attach_test_owner_names)
+
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc_info:
+        await skills_router.install_skill_upload(
+            request=_request("user-a", is_admin=True),
+            file=object(),
+            overwrite=True,
+            target_category=SkillCategory.CUSTOM,
+            config=object(),
+            skill_store=store,
+        )
+
+    assert exc_info.value.status_code == 409
+    assert "user 'bob'" in str(exc_info.value.detail)
+    assert storage.install_calls == 0